第第第第19191919章章章章非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介第第第第第第第第1919191919191919章章章章章章章章非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介非线性电路简介19.119.119.119.1非线性电阻的伏安特性19.119.119.119.1非线性电阻的伏安特性19.219.219.219.2非线性电阻的串联、并联电路19.219.219.219.2非线性电阻的串联、并联电路19.419.419.419.4小信号分析方法19.419.419.419.4小信号分析方法19.319.319.319.3非线性电阻电路的方程19.319.319.319.3非线性电阻电路的方程19.619.619.619.6非线性电阻电路方程的数值求解方法————————牛顿‒‒‒‒拉夫逊法19.619.619.619.6非线性电阻电路方程的数值求解方法————————牛顿‒‒‒‒拉夫逊法19.519.519.519.5非线性电阻电路解答的存在与唯一性19.519.519.519.5非线性电阻电路解答的存在与唯一性19.719.719.719.7用友网络模型求解非线性电阻电路19.719.719.719.7用友网络模型求解非线性电阻电路本章重点本章重点19.819.819.819.8非线性动态电路元件19.819.819.819.8非线性动态电路元件19.919.919.919.9二阶非线性动态电路的状态方程19.919.919.919.9二阶非线性动态电路的状态方程19.1019.1019.1019.10非线性动态电路方程的数值求解方法19.1019.1019.1019.10非线性动态电路方程的数值求解方法����本章重点本章重点本章重点本章重点����非线性电阻电路的方程����非线性电阻的伏安特性����小信号分析方法返回目录返回目录返回目录返回目录����非线性动态电路的方程����非线性动态元件的伏安特性����非线性动态电路的数值求解19.1非线性电阻的伏安特性一、线性电阻元件(linearresistorlinearresistorlinearresistorlinearresistor)constconstconstconsttgtgtgtg============ααααiiiiuuuuRRRR二、非线性电阻元件(nonlinearresistornonlinearresistornonlinearresistornonlinearresistor)++++-uuuuiiii电路符号uuuu====ffff((((iiii))))iiii====gggg((((uuuu))))伏安特性(Volt-amperecharacteristicVolt-amperecharacteristicVolt-amperecharacteristicVolt-amperecharacteristic)iiiiuuuuPPPPuuuuiiiiααααuuuuiiiiRRRR++++----例1111隧道二极管++++____uuuuiiiiiiiiuuuu0000给定一个电压,有一个对应的电流;而给定一个电流,最多可有3333个对应的电压值。即iiii====ffff((((uuuu))))。称为““““压控型””””或““““NNNN型””””。例2222充气二极管++++____uuuuiiii例3333整流二极管++++____uuuuiiii-IIIISSSSuuuuiiii伏安特性给定一个电流,有一个对应的电压;而给定一个电压,最多可有3333个对应的电流值。即uuuu====ffff((((iiii))))。称为““““流控型””””或““““SSSS型””””。))))1111eeee((((SSSS−−−−====bubububuIIIIiiiibbbb0000IIIISSSS0000bbbb:与电荷、温度有关IIIISSSS:反向饱和电流式中uuuuiiii0000伏安特性ααααiiiiuuuu三、非线性电阻的静态电阻RRRRSSSS和动态电阻RRRRdddd静态电阻(staticresistancestaticresistancestaticresistancestaticresistance)动态电阻(dynamicresistancedynamicresistancedynamicresistancedynamicresistance)SSSSSSSStgtgtgtgGGGGiiiiuuuuRRRR,αααα========ββββiiiiuuuuPPPP0000ddddddddtgtgtgtgddddddddGGGGiiiiuuuuRRRR,ββββ========(1111)静态电阻与动态电阻都与工作点有关。当PPPP点位置不同时,RRRRSSSS与RRRRdddd均变化。(2222)RRRRSSSS反映了某一点时uuuu与iiii的关系,而RRRRdddd反映了在某一点uuuu的变化与iiii的变化的关系,即uuuu对iiii的变化率。(3333)对““““SSSS””””型、““““NNNN””””型非线性电阻,下倾段RRRRdddd为负,因此,动态电阻具有““““负电阻””””性质。uuuuiiii0000uuuuiiii0000说明含有非线性电阻的电路都是非线性电路。KCLKCLKCLKCL和KVLKVLKVLKVL对非线性电路都适用。注意:叠加定理对非线性电路是不成立的。返回目录返回目录返回目录返回目录19.2非线性电阻的串联、并联电路一、非线性电阻的串联2222111122221111uuuuuuuuuuuuiiiiiiiiiiii++++============在每一个iiii下,图解法求uuuu,得一个交点,将一系列交点连成曲线即得串联等效电阻的伏安特性(仍为非线性)。uuuuiiii0000))))((((1111iiiiuuuu))))((((2222iiiiuuuu))))((((iiiiuuuu1111uuuu′′′′2222uuuu′′′′''''iiii22221111uuuuuuuuuuuu′′′′++++′′′′====′′′′iiii1111iiii++++++++---++++uuuu))))((((2222iiiiuuuu))))((((1111iiiiuuuuiiii2222串联电路电流相等,总电压等于各分电压之和。二、非线性电阻的并联同一电压下将电流相加可得并联等效电阻的伏安特性。iiiiuuuuoooo1111iiii′′′′2222iiii′′′′iiii′′′′1111iiii′′′′uuuu′′′′))))((((uuuuiiii))))((((1111uuuuiiii))))((((2222uuuuiiii2222111122221111uuuuuuuuuuuuiiiiiiiiiiii========++++====iiii++++++++---++++uuuuiiii1111iiii2222uuuu1111uuuu2222并联电路电压相等,总电流等于各分电流之和。uuuu====ffff((((iiii))))PPPP工作点(operatingpointoperatingpointoperatingpointoperatingpoint)三、含有一个非线性电阻元件电路的求解用图解法求解非线性电路(nonlinearcircuitnonlinearcircuitnonlinearcircuitnonlinearcircuit)uuuuSSSS→PPPP→IIII0000→uuuu1111uuuu2222IIII0000uuuuSSSSuuuu1111====iRiRiRiR1111uuuu2222====ffff2222((((iiii))))uuuu2222uuuu1111uuuu1111====iRiRiRiR1111,uuuu2222====ffff2222((((iiii))))→u=u=u=u=ffff((((iiii))))uuuuiiii0000++++uuuu1111____++++____uuuu2222iiii++++____uuuuSSSSRRRR1111RRRR2222++++____uuuuiiiiRRRRUUUUuuuu1111SSSS2222−−−−====其特性为一直线。线性含源电阻网络iiii++++-uuuu2222aaaabbbb也可先用戴维南等效电路化简,再用图解法求解。两曲线交点QQQQ即为所求解答,uuuu1111则可由下式求得:),(00002222iiiiuuuu000011111111iiiiRRRRuuuu====aaaaiiii++++-uuuu2222bbbbRRRR1111++++UUUUSSSS--++++uuuu11112222uuuuuuuuiiiiUUUUSSSS0000iiii1111SSSSRRRRUUUU)))),,,,((((00002222iiiiuuuuQQQQuuuu2222====ffff((((iiii))))0000返回目录返回目录返回目录返回目录建电路方程元件性能⎯⎯⎯⎯非线性电路的连接⎯⎯⎯⎯KCLKCLKCLKCL,KVLKVLKVLKVL例1111已知iiii1111====uuuu1111,,,,iiii2222====uuuu22225555,,,,iiii3333====uuuu33333333,求uuuu。iiii1111+i+i+i+i2222+i+i+i+i3333====0000uuuu1111+u+u+u+u22225555+u+u+u+u33333333====0000uuuu-2222++++((((uuuu-1)1)1)1)5555++++((((uuuu-4)4)4)4)3333====0000uuuu19.3非线性电阻电路的方程非线性电阻是压控电阻,列KCLKCLKCLKCL非线性代数方程++++____2V2V2V2V++++____1V1V1V1V++++____4V4V4V4VRRRR1111RRRR2222RRRR3333++++____uuuu1111++++____uuuu2222++++____uuuu3333iiii1111iiii2222iiii3333uuuu5555111155555555333311114444444433333333333315151515101010105555UUUUIIIIUUUUIIIIUUUUIIII============例2222GGGG1111和GGGG2222为线性电导,非线性电阻为压控电阻。列节点方程。解000000000000SSSS22224444555544443333333322221111====−−−−−−−−−−−−====++++++++−−−−====++++++++IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII++++++++++++++++-2222IIII2222GGGG3UUUU4UUUUSSSSUUUU1111GGGG5UUUUSSSSIIII1111nnnnUUUU2222nnnnUUUU3333nnnnUUUU---3333IIII1111IIII5555IIII4444IIII555511112222nnnn5555////111155555555333311113333nnnn2222nnnn3333////11114444444433332222nnnn1111nnnn3333333333333333nnnn1111nnnn22222222SSSS1111nnnn111111111515151515151515))))((((1010101010101010))))((((55555555))