60British Education System

Unit12BritishEducationSystemTheaimofeducationinourcollegeEducationisthebasisofourlong-termstrategy.Unit12BritishEducationSystemIntroduction(aimandrelationshipbetweensocialclass)HistoryThepresenteducationsystemHigheducationIntroduction:ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemprovideSocializeThepurposeToprovidechildrenwithliteracyandotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsocietyChildrenaretaughtpracticalskills,buttheyalsolearntherulesandvaluestheyneedtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,andtocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.II.Therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass1.Classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.2.Educationalopportunitiesforworking-classandmiddle-classpeoplecanbeverydifferent3.InBritain,theaccentyouspeakwith,theclothesyouwear,andtheschoolsyouattendareallmarkersthatidentifyyoursocialclass.4.Toattendthe“right”schools(thefamousboys’publicschoolslikeEtonandWinchester)andthe“right”universities(OxfordandCambridge)isstillthesinglebestwaytoguaranteeasuccessfulcareerHistoryofBritishEducationSystem1.Theinfluenceofthechurchonschooling2.GreatchangesinBritisheducationalsystemaftertheIndustrialRevolution.1)In1870government–fundededucation.2)By1880compulsory3)bytheendofthe1stworldWartheschoolleavingagewasraisedto144)Afterthe2ndWorldwarneweducationalsystememphasizingequality5)in1944EducationActin19446)Inthe1960scomprehensiveschools7)In1976theGreatEducationDebate8)In1989ANationalCurriculumHistoryofBritishEducationSystem1.TheinfluenceofthechurchonschoolingHistorically,educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.religiouseducationwastheonlysubject(othersubjectswereleftuptoschoolstodecideupon).Dailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife.HistoryofBritishEducationSystem(1)governmentinvolvement-intakingresponsibilitiesfortheeducationofchildren.In1870,alawwaspassedtocallforgovernment–fundededucation.HistoryofBritishEducationSystem(2)By1880,attendanceatschoolforchildrenbetween5and10wascompulsory.Andbytheendofthe1stworldWartheschoolleavingagewasraisedto14todissuadechildrenfromleavingschooltosupporttheirfamiliesHistoryofBritishEducationSystem(3)aneweducationalsystememphasizingequalitywasconstructedafterthe2ndWorldwarwiththeassistanceofchurchandtradeunions.HistoryofBritishEducationSystem(4)EducationActin1944,madeentrytosecondaryschoolsanduniversitiesmeritocratic(选择具备才能和高智力的人）notbecauseoftheirsocialclassortheirparentspossession,butfortheabilitiestheydisplay)tomakesuremorechildrenhadaccesstoagoodeducation.Allchildrenweregiventherighttoafreesecondaryeducation.HistoryofBritishEducationSystem(5)Thelesselitist[ei'li:tist]schoolsystem（英才教育制度）failedThelesselitistschoolsystemfailedbecauseentrancetoschoolwasbaseduponexamperformance.Theemergeofcomprehensiveschools（综合学校）(6).Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,Entranceexamswereabolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildrencompeteforplaces.HistoryofBritishEducationSystem(6)In1976,theLaborPartystartedtheGreatEducationDebate“aboutnationalstandardsandstylesofteaching,wasconcernedabouttheinadequateskillsofthelaborforce.ANationalCurriculumandunifiedsubjectsIn1989,theConservativePartyledbyMargaretThatcherthoughtjobtrainingwasimportantandintroducedaNationalCurriculum[kə'rikjuləm]，Studentshavetopassnationaltestsandschoolsaremarkedaccordingtothesuccessoftheirpupilsinreachingnationaltargets.V.ThepresenteducationsystemDistinguishsomedifferent“schools”Pre-primaryEducationPrimaryEducationSecondaryEducationIntroductionEducationintheUKiscompulsory.Childrenarelegallyobligedtoattendschoolfromtheagesof5to16.“Leaguetables”(学校等级表)Distinguishsomedifferent“schools”1.StateschoolsTheyarefundedbylocalandcentralgovernment.About93%ofpupilsreceivefreeeducationfromthissector.Distinguishsomedifferent“schools”Stateschools(2)Independentschools(3)Grammarschools(2)“the11-plus”.Comprehensiveschool(2)Technicalschools(1)SecondaryEducationGrammarschool文法学校servesasafoundationforUniversitystudentsTechnicalschoolsprovidetechnicalcourseconnectedwithIndustrialorganizationcomprehensiveschoolsdeveloppupilsinadifferentdirectionDistinguishsomedifferent“schools”IndependentschoolsTheyarecommonlycalledpublicschools,whichareactuallyprivateschoolsMostofthemremainboardingschools;themajorityaresingle-sexandthefeesaregenerallyhighDistinguishsomedifferent“schools”3.Grammarschoolsselectchildrenattheageof11,throughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”.Thosechildrenwiththehighestmarksgotogrammarschools.Distinguishsomedifferent“schools”Comprehensiveschool,entranceexamsareabolishedandschoolsarenolongerallowedtoletchildren“compete”forplaces.1.Pre-primaryschoolingUptoage5,Nurseryschool幼儿园DaycarePlaygroup游戏群体Thegovernmentprovidessomefinancialsupport.2.PrimaryeducationBetweentheageof5to11Pupilsmainlyattendstatesectorprimaryschools.Theseschoolsarecalledco-educationalormixedschools.3.SecondaryeducationTime:fromtheageof11uptoaroundtheageof19.Secondaryeducationw