高中英语定语从句精讲

.thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTomTheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语)TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.May,2011TheAttributiveClause定语从句1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词、代词或一个句子，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,that,aswhen,where,why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语•TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.先行词引导词(关系代词)定语从句句子主干：TheboyisTom.Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.句子主干：定语从句：先行词：关系代词：Adictionaryisabook.whichgivesthemeaningofwords.bookwhich关系代词:1.who指人,在从句中作主/宾语(作宾语可省）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.他就是那个卖鸡蛋的人吗？Ishethemanwhosellseggs?我照顾的这个男孩是我朋友的儿子。TheboywhoItakecareofismyfriend’sson.关系代词:2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换。在从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。DoyouknowtheboywhoseEnglishisthebest?Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.whosecover=ofwhichthecover=thecoverofwhichDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.4．which指物，做主语或宾语，作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省1.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.3.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?ExercisesMrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.5.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?()2.Theperson(that/whom)youintroducedtomeisverykind.3.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.4.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,some,any,no,every,little,muchtheonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。I’vereadsomebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverypresentthatbelongstohim(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstnovel(that)hehasread.(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?.(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(4)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.但在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。•(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）•Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.•(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.指代内容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语,宾语作宾语可省which物主语,宾语作宾语可省who人主语,宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose(人/物)的定语不可省关系代词的用法(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.Thescientistwemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.whichØwhowhomthatØ4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略限制性定语从句举例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.3.InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.非限制性定语从句举例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.2.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.3.LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.（她还有其他哥哥。）（她只有一个哥哥。）2.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.（带插图的书写得好。）（所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图）关系副词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichI’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.1when在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichThelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.2where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词。相当于“介词+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。Therearecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisthathecouldn’tarriveontime.3why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于forwhich。thereasonwhy…isthat………的原因是……他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.1.在thereasonwhy…结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可以换为forwhich或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。2.如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。3.thereasonisthat…结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.which既可代指先行词，又可代