毕业设计——汽车起重典型液压系统设计

汽车典型液压系统设计——起重机液压系统摘要在我国，车载起重机的发展已有五十年的历史了，由于受到客观条件的限制，一度发展较慢。进入九十年代发展迅速，但与国际先进水平还相差很远，主要表现在产品质量的稳定性、自动化、智能化等方面。随着国家基础建设的规模不断加大，许多生产场合都需要对设备、产品、零件、货物等进行搬运和位移，车载起重机在起重运输行业和野外作业发挥的作用也将越来越大，市场也将越来越大。汽车起重机液压系统的设计是该型起重机设计过程中最关键的一步。本文首先对汽车起重机总体进行初步设计，根据要求初步选择部分参数。然后再根据液压系统的技术指标对该系统进行整体方案设计。对其功能和工作原理作进一步的比较分析，确定了系统各回路的基本功能结构及主要元件。设计的汽车起重机能够满足使用功能要求，安全可靠，结构合理，重量轻，操作使用方便，对许多生产场合与起重运输等行业，具有很强的现实意义。关键词：车载起重机，液压系统，工作原理，基本功能AutomotiveTypicalHydraulicSystemDesign——CraneHydraulicSystemAbstractThedevelopmentofthevehicle-mountedcranehasmorethan50years’historyinourcountry.Limitedbytheexternalcondition,thevehicle-mountedcranedevelopedslowlyforatime.Since1990’s,ithasdevelopedrapidly.Butitstillcouldnotreachtheinternationaladvancedlevel,whichwasmainlyreflectedbythequalitystability,automation,andintelligentofproduct.Withthecountry’sinfrastructureconstructionexpandedinsize,someequipment,products,componentsandgoodsneedtobemovedandshiftedinmanyproductionoccasions.Thevehicle-mountedplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleinliftingtransportationindustryandthefieldoperation..Andit’smarketwillbegrowing,too.Thedesignofthevehicle-mountedtransmissioncraneisthekeyintheprocessofdesigningthehoistofthistype.inthisarticle,first,carryonpreliminarydesigntotheoverallhoistandchoosesomeparameteraccordingtotherequirements.Second,carryontheoverallplandesignaccordingtohydraulicsystem'stechnicalspecification.Third,compareit’sfunctionwithit’soperationprincipleandconfirmthebasicstructureandmaincomponentsofeveryloopofthesystemtentatively.Thencarryonselectivecalculationofthecomponentsaccordingtoorganizationperformanceparametersandperformanceparametersofhydraulictransmissionsystem.throughthecomputationsandgeneratingheatofthesystematicfunction,therequestofthishoistcanbereached.Thevehicle-mountedcranethatisdesigned,cansatisfyuserequest.It’ssafe,reliable,reasonableconstructed,light,andconvenienttooperate.Ithasagreatoperationsignificancetomanyproductionoccasionsandmanyindustriessuchasliftingtransportation.Keywords:Vehicle-mountedcrane，Hydraulictransmissionsystem，Workingprinciple，Basicfunctions目录1绪论..................................................................................................................................................11.1设计的背景...................................................................................................................................11.2关于汽车起重机...........................................................................................................................21.3液压传动系统的特点...................................................................................................................31.4液压传动应用于汽车起重机上的优缺点...................................................................................41.5液压传动系统的组成...................................................................................................................41.6汽车起重机液压系统的运用现状和发展趋势...........................................................................52汽车起重机总体方案设计.......................................................................................................................72.1传动型式的选定...........................................................................................................................72.2动力装置的选定...........................................................................................................................82.3起升机构液压油路方案设计.......................................................................................................92.4支臂控制机构液压油路方案设计.............................................................................................102.5回转机构液压油路方案设计.....................................................................................................132.6支腿机构液压油路方案设计.....................................................................................................143起重机液压系统元件的选择.................................................................................................................173.1汽车起重机液压系统功能、组成和工作特点.........................................................................173.2典型工况分析及对系统的要求.................................................................................................184起重机各液压回路组成原理和性能分析.............................................................................................204.1汽车起重机典型液压系统原理图.............................................................................................204.2起升回路....................................................................................................................................214.3变幅回路....................................................................................................................................224.4伸缩回路....................................................................................................................................224.5回转回路....................................................................................................................................234.6支腿回路.................................................