Formation (构词法)

英语主要有三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)①派生(Derivation):②合成(Compounding):③转化(Conversion):通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:e.g.happy--unhappy(加前缀)--happiness(加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词:e.g.wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类:e.g.water(n.)水--water(v.)浇水•invisibledisagreementdishonestyimpossibilitynon-conductorinternationalillogicalreplacementdisappearancemisunderstandingenlargementreconsiderationinteractionunexpectedunforgettableunsuccessfulRemembertheprefix.inter-tele-bio-ex-over-trans-en-mis-re-sub-under-betweenfarbiologyformer/outtoomuchacross/movemakewrongagainunderbelowdis-non-il-in-im-un-notwrongtoomuchagainformer/outunderbetweenbelownotfarbiologymakeacross/moveMatchtheprefixwithitsmeaning.dis-non-re-il-sub-under-in-im-inter-tele-bio-ex-over-un-trans-en-mis-Studythemeaningofthewords:internationaltelevisioninvisibleimpossibleillogicalirregulardisappearnonsenseunforgettablereplacemisunderstandenlargebiochemistrysubwayex-wifeundergroundoverworktransport1.Thisdictionaryenablesyoutounder-standEnglishwords.2.Thefencewasstrengthenedwithwire.3.Heinformedusthenewsindirectly.hi-techshowcases展示breakthroughbioengineeringoutstandingenableindirectlystrengthen前缀例词a-构成形容词﹑副词asleep,abroad,alonedis-disappear,disagreeen-enlarge,enablein-(il-,im-,ir)invisible,illegalinter-international,inter-schoolmis-mistake,misunderstandre-return,remarrytele-telephone,telescopeun-;non-unfit,non-payment(否定)(使可能)(相互,之间)(重复,再)(远程)(不)(误)(不,非)后缀例词名词-er…..者Runner,swimmer-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地人musician,Russian-ist专业人员artist,pianist-ment性质,状态government,movement-ness性质,状态business,happiness-or….者visitor,professor-ion/-tion表示动作,过程,结果pollution,suggestion形容词:•-al;-an;-ern;-ful;-ble;-ish;-ive;-y;-less表示具有…的性质,或与…有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,active,native,rainy,careless动词:-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成为)e.g.simplify(简化),satisfy,realize,organize副词:•-ly表示方式,程度:freely,badly,truly•-ward(s)表示方向:towards,forward,outward数词:-teen十fourteen,eighteen-ty整十位数forty,fifty-th序数词fifth1）合成名词①名词(代词)+名词spaceship,she-wolf②名词+动名词machine-building(机械制造)③名词+及物动词+er(or)pain-killer(止痛药)④形容词+名词highway⑤及物动词+名词breakfast⑥动词+副词turn-off⑵合成形容词①形容词(数词)+名词+edcold-blooded②名词+名词+edpotato-shaped③名词(代词)+分词hand-made,self-educated④名词(代词)+形容词color-blind⑤形容词(数词)+名词/分词left-hand,good-looking⑥副词+分词/形容词hard-working,ever-greentree⑦动词+副词see-through⑧介词+名词downhill(3)合成动词①副词+动词ill-treat虐待②名词(代词)+动词mass-produce大规模生产③形容词+动词safe-guard保卫⑷.合成副词①副词+副词however②代词+副词anywhere③副词+名词downstairs④形容词+名词anyway(无论如何)⑸.合成代词some,any,no,可以与-thing,-one,-body合成代词.如:anybody,something,nowhere转化:是由一词类转化为另一词类⑴动词转化为名词E.g.Wepaidavisittotheparkyesterday.注意:英语中常用give,take,have,make等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作.如:giveashout,giveakick,giveatalk…takeaseat,takeabath;takearest…haveaswim,haveasmoke,havearest…makeabet,makeadecision,makeapromise…(2)名词转化为动词e.g.Thehallcanseattwothousandpeople.Theyhavebookedtheirplaneticket.(3)形容词转化为动词e.g.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.(4)形容词转化为副词e.g.Howlongistheline?(adj)HowlonghaveyoulivedinChina?(adv)(5)形容词转化为名词e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.(n.)Exercise2-ionconstructionconnectionattractionactioncollectiondirectionexpressioninventionproductionprotectionsuggestionimpressioncelebrationcommunicationeducationgraduationpollutioncontribution-ationadmirationcombinationexaminationtransportationexplorationimaginationExercise3invisiblenon-conductordisappearanceinteractionmisunderstandingunexpecteddishonestyillogicalenlargementunforgettableimpossibilityreplacementreconsiderationunsuccessfulExercise4showcase=show+casebreakthrough=break+throughbioengineering=bio+engineeringoutstanding=out+standingenable=en+ablerestore=re+storeindirectly=indirect+lystrengthen=strength+en1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician4.Thethree-________chairisn'tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged5.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership6.Toeveryone's________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactory(adj)C.satisfyingD.satisfaction7.－Whatareyoudoinghere?－Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.－Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?A.600words;600-wordsB.600-word;a600-wordsC.600words;a600-wordD.600words;a600-words8.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence9.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It'sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable10.Youmustcomewithustothepolice_____.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache11.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit_____.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional12.The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgment13.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyo