霍永红 中国文化概况 Lecture 1 Introduction

Lecture1IntroductionAnOutlineofChineseCultureQuizzes(one/two)CoursedescriptionQUIZONE#1ThisChinesefestivalfallsontheseventhmonthoftheChinesealmanac,whenthegatesofhellarebelievedtobeopened.Themainritualsofthismajoroccultfestivalareheldonthe15th,anditlastsawholemonth.Whichfestivalisthis?LanternFestival(YuanXiao)HungryGhostsFestival(ZhongYuanJie)DragonBoatFestival(DuanWuJie)AllSoul'sDay(QingMing)Mid-AutumnFestival(ZhongQiuJie)QUIZONE#2FortheChinese,thiscolorisassociatedwithdeath,consideredextremelyunluckyduringtheNewYearcelebrations,andshouldberigorouslyavoided.Whatcoloristhis?BlackWhiteRedBlueGreenQUIZONE#3DuringNewYear,theChinesewilltraditionallywrapagiftofmoneyinapacketwhichisgivenbyadultstotheirchildrenandchildrenofrelatives.Whatcoloristhismoneypacket?BlackWhiteRedYellowGreenQUIZONE#4DuringChineseNewYear,theamountofmoneyinamoneypackethastobeofacertainamounttobeconsideredluckyandauspicious.Whatisthatamount?FiftydollarsAnyoddamountAhundreddollarsAnyevenamountAnyamountmorethanfivedollarsQUIZONE#5DuringtheLunarNewYear,theChinesedotheirbesttoappeasethegods.WhichgoddoesNOTexist?GodofBooksStar-godofLongevityGodofWealthKitchenGodMoneyGodQUIZONE#6DuringtheLunarNewYear,whichpartofone'sbodydoesonehavetobecarefulofinordernottobringbadlucktoone'sselfandfamily?NoseFingerEyesArmTongueQUIZONE#7WhichfruitissharedduringLunarNewYear?OrangesApplesPearsMangosDuriansQUIZONE#8Inthelunarcalendar,eachyearisnamedafterananimal.TheBuddhaoncesummonedalllivingcreatures,butonlytwelvecameathisbidding.Tomarktheirfaithfulness,henamedayearaftereachone.WhichisNOToneoftheanimals?DogRabbitCatDragonRatQUIZONE#9WhatdoesthecolorredmeantotheChinese?EvilPurityAngerDangerLuckQUIZONE#10WhichactivitydotheChineseNOTdoonAllSoul'sDay(QingMing)?Diggravestoprepareforfuturedeaths.Cleantheareaaroundtheirancestor'stombs.Flykitestorejoice.Burnmockmoney/josspaperforspirits.Worshipthedeadandofferfoodandwine.QUIZONE#11WhichofthefollowingisNOTinvolvedinorrelatedtotheMooncakeFestival(ZhongQiuJie)?MoonMagicMoonDragonMoonGodsandGoddessesMoonWorshipMoonPalaceQUIZONE#12Whichgod/goddessisNOTinvolvedintheMooncakeFestival(ZhongQiuJie)?GodofMarriageWoodcutterGodMoonGoddessGodofLunacyMoonFairyKey/ReferencetoQUIZONEHungryGhostsFestival(ZhongYuanJie)WhiteRedAnyevenamountGodofBooksTongueOrangesCatLuckDiggravestoprepareforfuturedeathsMoonDragonGodofLunacyExplanations1.YuanXiaooccursonthefirstfullmoonoftheyear,onthe15thdayoftheLunarNewYearcelebrations.QingMingisthespringcleaningofancestors'gravesinthe4thmonth.TheDragonBoatFestivaloccursonthe5thdayofthe5thmonth.Mid-AutumnFestival,knowasMooncakeFestival,isonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth,whenthefullmoonisthebrightest.ItcanalsobecalledtheLanternFestival.HungryGhostFestivalJustastheAmericanshastheHalloween,theChinesehavetheirversionofaghostfestivaltoo.CelebratedmostlyinSouthChina,HongKong,TaiwanandespeciallyinSingaporeandMalaysia,theHungryGhostfestivalisamixedTaoist/folkloreoccasionthatistakenveryseriouslybytheChinese.Thisfestivalfallsonthe7thmonthoftheLunarYearandisbelievedbytheChinesethatduringthismonth,thegatesofhellareopenedtoletoutthehungryghostswhothenwandertoseekfoodonEarth.AnotherbeliefamongtheChineseisthatthedeadreturntovisittheirlivingrelativesduringthe7thmonthandthusthelivingfamilywouldprepareasumptuousmealforthe‘hungryghosts’.TheChinesefeelthattheyhavetosatisfytheghostsinordertogetgoodfortuneandluckintheirlives.Duringthe7thmonthcelebrations,theChineseofferprayerstothedeceasedrelatives,burnjosssticks,papermoneyandofferfood.InSingaporeandMalaysia,itisacommonsighttoseeentertaining‘wayang’orChineseOperaandconcertsperformedonoutdoorstagesinsomeneighborhoods.GhostFestivalAnarrayoffoodsbeingofferedtothedeceasedataBuddhisttempleExplanations2.WhiteisconsideredbadluckfortheChinese.FortheChinese,redisactuallyconsideredgoodluck,unlikeWesternerswhoviewthecolorredasdanger.PleasedonotwearwhitetoatraditionalChinesewedding.Itmightbeseenasinsultingifthecoupleissuperstitious.3.TheChinesegiveredpackets.TheIndiansandMalaysgiveyellowandgreenpackets.Thereisnowhiteorblackpacket.Explanations4.Actually,there'snofixedamounttobegiven.Technicallyspeaking,theamountshouldbeinevennumbers,butnowinmoderntimesitdoesn'treallymatter.Allthechildrenwantisthemoney,themorethebetter.5.There'snosuchgodastheGodofBooks,andthereNEVERwillbe.ThisisbecauseinMandarin,thewordbook(shu)soundslikelose(shu).Therefore,theeversuperstitiousChinesewillneverwantaGodofMisfortune.Explanations6.AstheChineseputit:Beneaththetonguemanyamanliecrushedtodeath.Therefore,onChineseNewYear,nofoullanguageisutteredandnounluckywordsspokenlestmisfortunecomestothefamily.7.InCantonese,boththeorangeandgoldhavethesamepronunciationgam,whichisalsohomonymouswiththeCantonesewordforsweetness.Orangesthereforebringsweetnessandwealthifofferedinpairsorevennumbers.Explanations8.Oneversionofthestorysaysthatthecatwastrickedandthusarrivedtoolate.9.RedmeansgoodluckfortheChinese,andblackisbadluckorevil.Forwesterners,redisdangerorangerwhilepurityisusuallyrepresentedbywh