经济学英文论文

Aqualitativestudyofbusiness-to-businesselectroniccommerceadoptionwithintheIndonesiangroceryindustry:Amulti-theoryperspectiveAbstractThisstudyexploresthebusiness-to-businesselectroniccommerce(B2BEC)technologyadoptionexperienceoforganizationswithinthesupplychainofthegroceryindustryinIndonesiausingamulti-theoryperspective.Throughamultiplecasestudywitheightorganizations,itprovidesacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheinfluenceofadoptionfactors.Thisstudyshowstheusefulnessofcomplementarilydeployingseveraladoptiontheoriesandoffersimportanttheoreticalandpracticalimplicationsfororganizationsastheyextendtheirsupplychainsglobally.KeywordsElectroniccommerce;Technologyadoption;Groceryindustry;Developingcountry;Supplychainmanagement;Qualitativestudy1.IntroductionElectronicCommerce(EC)isabroadconceptthatreferstotheexchangeofproducts/servicesandinformationviacomputernetworks,includingtheInternet,ExtranetandIntranet.WithintheB2BECcontext,adiverserangeoftechnologiesandinitiativeshavebeenintroduced.ExamplesoftechnologiesincludeElectronicDataInterchange(EDI),automaticproductidentification(barcode,RFIDtags),andElectronicFundsTransfer,andexamplesofinitiativesincludecrossdocking,VendorManagedInventory(VMI),ContinuousReplenishmentProgram(CPR),andCollaborativePlanning,ForecastingandReplenishment(CPFR).OrganizationscanobtainsubstantialbenefitsfromtheirinvestmentinECtechnologies,asECgenerallyenablesorganizationstoimprovereach,richnessandaffiliation.DuetothepotentialofEC,manycountriesworldwidehaverapidlyadoptedit,resultinginasignificantgrowthofECindevelopedcountriesduringthelasttwodecadesand,morerecently,indevelopingcountries.Intheeraofglobalization,developingcountrieshaveplayedanimportantroleinworldtradeandcommercebecauseoftheirlargemarketpotentialandlowcostoflabor.Developingcountriesaredefinedascountrieswithalowtomiddleincomelevel,alowstandardofliving,restrictedtechnologyinfrastructureandlimitedaccesstoproductsandservices.Withadvancementsininformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT),largeglobalorganizationsareincreasinglyextendingtheirsupplychainsacrossmultiplecontinentsinordertocutcostsandincreasetheirreach.ThroughICTadoption,developedcountriescantradewithdevelopingcountriesmoreefficientlyand,inturn,helpthosedevelopingcountriesachievemoresustainableeconomicgrowth.However,duetodifferencesintheirsocial,cultural,economic,political,legalandtechnologicalconditions,developingcountriesencounterasetofproblemsandconcernsthatvaryconsiderablyfromthosefacedbydevelopedcountriesForexample,Hofstede'snationalculturetheorysuggeststhatdevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountriesdiffergreatlyintheircharacteristics,whichmayaffecttheirorganizationalbehaviortowardtechnologyadoption.CulturaldifferencescapturedbyPowerDistanceandUncertaintyAvoidancedimensionssuggestthatorganizationaltechnologyadoptionbehaviorisconstrainedsociallyasaresultoftheattachmentofmeaningsandinterpretationsrelevanttothatculturalcontext.Thus,organizationsoperatingindevelopedcountries(withalowUncertaintyAvoidanceindex)tendtostressbothtechnologicaldevelopmentandtechnologicaladoptionmorethanorganizationsoperatingincountrieswithahighPowerDistanceandlowtoleranceforambiguityanduncertainty.Inanotherstudy,Guoetal.findthatthewayorganizationsusee-mail,phoneandfaxinChina(adevelopingcountry)andAustralia(adevelopedcountry)islargelyinfluencedbythedifferenceintheUncertaintyAvoidancedimensionofculturaldifferencebetweenthesetwonations.Asaresult,differentsetsofapproachestotechnologyadoptionarerequiredtosuittheculturalandcontextualconditionsofdevelopingcountries.However,atthisstage,thereremainsarelativelylimitednumberofin-depthstudiesandunderstandingregardingtheadoptionofECtechnologiesbydevelopingcountries,despiteagrowingnumberoftechnologypenetrationsthathavetakenplaceinthesecountriesinrecentyearsAnunderstandingoftheadoptionofICT,inparticularECtechnology,bydevelopingcountriesisthusimportantforbothresearchersandpractitioners.Moreover,thecontextualsituationsofcountriesarearguablydifferentinnature.Forexample,thematurityoftheICTinfrastructure,e-commercereadiness,degreeofgovernmentsupport,andextentofbusinesscompetitivenessvarygreatly,notonlybetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountriesbutalsoamongdevelopingcountries.Furthermore,itwouldbeinappropriatetoassumethatvariousdimensionsofnationalcultureremainsomewhatsimilaracrossalldevelopingcountries.Infact,distinctculturaldifferencesarenotedamongdevelopingcountries.Hence,itcouldbearguedthatqualitativestudiesfocusingone-commerceadoptioninsomedevelopingcountriesarenotnecessarilyreflectiveofthee-commercetrendsandadoptiondynamicsofalldevelopingcountriesacrosstheglobe.Inaddition,somenoticeablegapshavebeenidentifiedintheexistingECliterature.First,inthecontextofdevelopingcountries,therearelimitedempiricalstudiesonECtechnologyadoptionbylargeorganizations.Bycontrast,manystudiesexplorethediffusionofECtechnologiesamongsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs),primarilyusingsurveys.Second,mostofthesestudies,especiallyintheSoutheastAsiaregion,exploreonlygeneralECtechnologyandpractices(i