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,,,,,(/,210042):,,,,5,,,56,:;;;:X171.4:A:1673-4831(2009)01-0106-06FeasibilityStudyofAir2SeedingonAlpineAeolianDesertifiedLandinTibet,China.SHENWei2shou,LIHai2dong,ZHANGTao,ZOUChang2xin,YANShou2guang,YUANLei(NanjingInstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,MinistryofEnvi2ronmentalProtection/DesertificationResearchCenter,MinistryofEnvironmentalProtection,Nanjing210042,China)Abstract:TheareasalongthemiddlereachesoftheYarlungZangboRiveranditstributaries,theLhasaRiverandtheNianchuRiver,arethecenterofsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinTibet,andalsoregionsthatareseriouslyaffectedbyaeoliansands.TheregionsalongsidetheYarlungZangboRiverandtheLhasaRiver,especiallyaroundtheGonggarAir2portandLhasaCity,coveredwithrollingsanddunesareseriousinhazardinTibet.Basedonsystematicanalysisandsum2marizationofthesuccessfulexperienceofair2seedinginlowaltituderegions,feasibilitystudywascarriedoutofair2seedinginthealpineaeoliandesertifiedlandinTibetfromtheaspectsofprecipitation,temperature,sunshine,landform,andwindregime.Resultsshowthatthesimultaneityofrainandheat,andmatchingoflight,temperatureandwaterinthemiddlereachesoftheYarlungZangboRiver,greatlyfavorthegrowthofplants.Meanwhile,frequentchangeofwinddirectiondur2ingtheearlysowingperiodfromtheendofMaytothebeginningofJunehelpscovertheseedswithsand.Now,selectionofseedsofnativeplantspecies,adaptabletotheparticularhabitatofthealpineaeoliandesertifiedlandinTibet,andsolu2tiontotheproblemofrelocationofsownseedsarethetwokeystothesuccessoftheexperimentonair2seedinginTibet.Keywords:alpinerivervalleyinTibet;aeoliandesertifiedland;air2seedingexperiment;feasibilitystudy2050,300400mm[1],200mm,,,,[2-3],400500mm,,69,,1:(200809010):2008-09-192009,25(1):106-111JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()1955200619782006,10a,2.1,,,[4]2.1.152a30a(1)52a427.8mm,778.4mm(1962)30a466.2mm,651.2mm(2004),203.9mm(1982)59,9418%94.6%(1)1Fig.1VariationofmeanannualprecipitationintheLhasaRiverandYarlungZangboRivervalleys200400mm[2-3,5][6]15-27143.5mm,357.0mm,311.0mm(1),3,1Table1ComparisonbetweentheLhasaRiver/YarlungZangboRivervalleysandtypicallowaltitudesandregionsofNorthChina/mm59/mm10mm/mm/mm143.579.64.075.018.8357.0290.94.973.214.9311.0241.94.754.111.5466.2441.816.0269.416.8427.8404.617.6277.615.87011:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[7-8][9]10a29.5,-15.0,9.0,102791.8(2)10a29.9,-13.9,8.9,102619.636[2-3],-30,,,10a59(3),10.5317.90,9.9818.15,2,59215,100120d,30d[10]10,(2),,2.2.210a2910h,1964.4mm10a2900h,2184.3mm(2)10a5980125©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(4),,,2900h,,59,,,,2Table2ComparisonbetweenLhasaRiver/YarlungZangboRivervalleysandtypicallowaltitudesandregionsofNorthChi2nainlightandheatconditions//h/mm/d10//7.633163000.01201802808369538.6-33.27.927002000.01361692847412738.6-37.22.728891936.21301451997253035.4-33.69.029101964.41001202791.829.5-15.08.929002184.31001202619.629.9-13.92.32.3.1,,,,9011:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[6]80-81,,;,,,,,[11-13],,,,1m,;,,,,,1m,,,[13](),,,20cm,,,[14-15],,,,2.3.2,,,170d,;141d,2.5ms-1,4ms-156.4,34,5513,63.6(3)56,556,319972006Table3StatisticsofwindspeedanddirectionintheYarlungZangboRivervalleyfrom1997to20064ms-156561997211131119986261361199936223222000788648620016495595200273553552003353223220046255355200581103410320065246346,,,,,,,,3,,,10cm,3040gkg-1,0.7%,2%3%,,,-400500mm,,,59,,,56,,,01125©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:[1],.[J].,1997(2):8-10.[2],,.[J].,2006,27(2):25-29.[3],,.[J].,2006,26(3):356-361.[4].[J].,1997,17(1):20-26.[5],,.[J].,1993,13(2):52-60.[6],,,.[M].:,1994.[7]GUTTERMANY.SeedGerminationofDesertPlants[M].Berlin:SpringerVerlag,1993:23-24.[8]CLUFFGJ,EVANSRA,YOUNGJA.DesertSaltGrassSeedGerminationandSeedbedEcology[J].JournalofRangeManage2ment,1983(36):419-422.[9],.4[J].,2005,29(1):32-41.[10],,,.[J].,2006,21(2):16-19.[11],.[J].,1999,19(1):33-37.[12],,,.[M].:,1996:62-63.[13],,.[J].,2006,24(4):489-497.[14].[J].,1996,34(3):271-281.[15].[J].,1997,17(3):269-273.:(1958),,,,,E2mail:shenweishou@163.com(91)Analysis[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2007,374(1):13-25.[38]DILKSDW,FREEDMANPL.ImprovedConsiderationoftheMarginofSafetyinTotalMaximumDailyLoadDevelopment[J].JournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringASCE,2004,130(6):690-694.[39]FRANCESCHINIS,TSAICW.IncorporatingReliabilityIntotheDefinitionoftheMarginofSafetyinTotalMaximumDailyLoadCalculations[J].JournalofWater