3 华为Single backhaul培训胶片--路由基础

HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSecurityLevel::R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.培训目标学完本课程后，您应该能掌握：二、三层转发的区别，交换还是转发面向连接和非面向连接的区别引入动态路由协议的好处时分复用和统计复用的区别，统计复用下的QoS保障技术Page2Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.目录1二三层转发原理Page32路由协议3QoS（QualityofService，服务质量）Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.通道交换vs分组交换通道交换（同步）端到端交换基于时隙交叉点到点面向连接二层静态分组交换（异步）逐跳转发基于MAC地址多点非面向连接二层动态分组交换（异步）逐跳转发基于IP地址多点非面向连接三层动态交换机路由器SDHMAC地址所在端口MACA1MACB2MACAMACB12目的地址下一跳10.1.0.0/16171.1.0.10/16192.1.0.0/16168.1.0.20/16192.1.0.0/16171.1.0.10/16168.1.0.20/1610.1.0.0/16Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.二、三层转发工作模式Page5应用层表示层会话层传输层网络层链路层物理层基于MAC地址转发（交换机）应用层表示层会话层传输层网络层链路层物理层基于IP地址转发（路由器）Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.二层转发帧结构Page6DMACSMACLength/TDATA/PADFCSEthernet_IILength/Type值含义Length/T1500Length/T=1500代表了该帧的类型代表了该帧的长度802.3•DMAC：目的二层地址•SMAC：源二层地址•源MAC地址和目的MAC地址是二层转发的基础•DATA：具体数据内容•FCS：帧校验字段，主要用于判断数据帧是否出错Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.以太网的MAC地址Page7•MAC地址由IEEE进行管理和分配，全球唯一标识硬件•MAC地址有48位，前24位为厂商编号，后24为序列号。•MAC地址的48个bit通常表示为12位的点分十六位数，如：00-e0-fc-00-00-06•华为产品MAC地址的前3个字节是0x00E0FC示例：Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.二层转发原理Page8ABCPORT1PORT2D交换机PORT3PORT4MACDMACA……基于源地址学习MAC，基于目的MAC转发报文查MAC转发表处理转发对于表中不包含的地址，通过广播的方式转发使用地址自动学习和老化机制进行地址表维护①A发往D，基于目的MAC地址查MAC表为空，广播报文，并基于源地址学习MAC地址，记入MAC地址表MAC地址所在端口1MACA②匹配目的MAC地址后，B、C发现不是发给自己的报文，直接丢弃③D接受报文后，回复A，交换机查MAC地址表直接发给A，并基于源地址学习MAC地址，记入MAC地址表④后续过程类似4MACD3MACB2MACCMACDMACA……MACDMACA……MACDMACA……MACAMACD……Slidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialToprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Thefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdes