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801F2Cl2Br2gI2gNO2O32HFHClHBrHINH3SO2NO2F2Cl2Br2gH2S3NH3H2OHF4Br2HgH2O2O3N2F2Cl2H2OH2O2()100NH3Cl2NH34NH3HClSO2H2SCl2CO2NH3HFHClHBrHICO2SO2Cl2Br2gH2SNO2(65)()()NaCl[Ca(OH)2]5CHO()6?:,?1()2OF8CClSNO388CO2H2ONH3CH4C2H4C2H2C6H6P44CO2SO3PCl3CH4CCl4C2H4C2H2C6H61IAIVAVAVIAVIIA120ZnFeCuHgAgPtAu2()()34H2D2(O2O3)C5H125a.b.c.d.e.6O2O3C60H2D2H2OD2O789H2SO4HNO3HNO3HClOH2SH2SO3Al2O3[Al(OH)3]Na2O2NaHCO3NaHSO410()HClO4HClHBrHIH2SO4HNO3()H2SO3H3PO4()CH3COOHH2CO3H2SHClOC6H5OHH2SiO311.12.SiO2HF/NaOH,13.HCOO-COOH-14.15.16.10-100nm17.Al2S3Mg3N2CaC218.Na+O-2:1SiO19.pH20.CuCl221.622.NaAl2320C10110.012425MnO4-Cl2Br2Fe3+I2S26H2ONH3HFCH3CH2OH27PH5.6282912330Fe(OH)3AgI311198%1.84g/cm318.4mol/L321()()()2CHC2H2C6H6CH2CH2OCnH2nOC2H4OC4H8O231H45BA618O18F40K40Ca7A~AA8AlCl389NPN210NH4ClNH4NO311NaCl12Na2O2FeS2CaC213O314+1-1NaHCaH21516CONO17SiO218Mn2O7CrO32KOH+Mn2O7==2KMnO4+H2O198OF2+22021NaOHNa2O2NH4ClCH3COONa22.23.24.25.Fe3+Fe2+26.27.28293031.32.33.34.35.()()3637.()10eNeO2FNa+Mg2+Al3+OHH3O+CH4NH3H2OHF38.39.2AHe40.1ACrB41.A42.043.44.45.CaC246.47.48.Mg3N2(CaC2)49.50.51.2?:?52.53.AA4554.H1B355.8He256.8218818182101857.FO58.CH4100059.AA60,?:?61???:H2O,NH3?AA625463slgH+(H++H641molCCO2H1mol6566:(AuPt)S2-I-Br-Cl-OH-F-:Ag+Hg2+Fe3+Cu2+H+Pb2+Sn2+Fe2+Zn2+Al3+Mg2+Na+Ca2+K+67NaClMgCl2Al2O3ZnCuHgAg686970.S2IFe2+Br-Cl-Cl271Fe3+Cu2+Fe2+ZnFe3+Cu2+Fe2+72()Mg(OH)2MgCO3Mg2+OH73()()()NaOHNa2CO3:NaOHHCl=NaClH2O:Na2CO3HCI=NaHCO3NaClNaHCO3+HCl=NaClCO2H2O7475.:()10036%10HClHCl76()78AAAA2NO2(==N2O4NO2NO27980CnH2nO2CnH2n-21SO2SO2,SO2SO2SO2NaOH2SO2Cl2,3Cl-AgNO3H+SiO32-SiO32-2H+H2SiO3S2O32-S2O32-2H+SSO2H2OFe(OH)3Fe(OH)3H+HII2AlO2-AlO2-H+H2O==Al(OH)34:Cu5.()6AlAl2O3Al(OH)3(NH4)2CO3(NH4)2SO3(NH4)2SNaHSNaHCO3NaHSO3NaOHBa(OH)2Na2CO3Na2SO37F2HFCl2H2SSO2CONO2NOBr2gHCN8H2SSO2H2SCl2HICl2NH3HClNOO2F2H29HFHClHBrHIH2SSO2CO2NO2Br2g10NH3Cl2SO2Cl2Cl211CO2SO212F2Cl2Br2gNO2O2O3H2SH2CONH3HIHBrHClNOH2COHClNOSO2SO2N213Cl2F2NO2Br2gCO2SO2NH3Cl2NO2Br2gF2O214Cl2NO2Br2gO315H2SSO2C2H4C2H216SO2NO2NO2NOCO2CH4CONO17CO2NH3N218CO219O320Cl221CaCO3CO222Cu2324Al2O3Na2O225Cu,Cu2+Fe3+26:X2+H2OHX+HXO?F2:2F2+2H2O4HF+O227AgF,AgCl,AgBr,AgI,?:AgF,?28?,F,?29?,?30FeX3?:I2FeI2?31?:NaHSNaHCO3NaH2PO4NaHSO4?32,?:,,MgHNO3H2SO4,?,HNO3??33?:(H2SO4)():H2S+H2SO4()SO2+S+2H2O34?:Al(OH)3NaOH?35H++OH-H2O:::Ba2++2OH-+2H++SO42-BaSO4+2H2ONaHSO4+NaOHNa2SO4+H2O36?:,,37?:Na2O2ClO-NO3-,MnO4-,ClO4-?38?Fe2+H2SO439,?:?:NaHCO3+NaOHNa2CO3+H2O40,?NeHF,?41?:,:2FeCl3+Fe3FeCl2Cu+2FeCl3CuCl2+2FeCl242?:CaCO3BaSO3,43??44N2()+3H2()2NH3(),(),,?:?45?:,(O3)?46?:?47?:?48??,?49?:,?50,???:?51,?:?52??:?53H+?:?,?54?:H+?55,?:,,,Al2O356(SiO2)571molAlNaOH3mol58(13)59NaOHCOOH-X60NaHCO3COOH61NaCOOHOH6263CHO1RCHO2Cu(OH)2642H2S4SO2H2SO326FeSO43Br22Fe2(SO4)32FeBr36FeCl23Br24FeCl32FeBr32FeI23Br22FeBr32I2ZnMgMgBr2H2O===MgBr2(MgH+MgHBrO)1NaOHBr22OH?==Br?BrO?H2OAgNO3652H2S4SO2H2SO3H2O2166CHC2H2C6H6CH2CH2OCnH2nOC2H4OC4H8O2CO2H2OO2CO2H2OO267n+1n68NaOHNaOHNaHCO3Cu(OH)2/O26970C5H12O23271pH=11c(H+)c(H+)10-4725737475CCl476777849.579808182838485862878889CH21.2.:().3.::FeS,4.CO2NaOHCa(OH)2Ba(OH)2NaAlO2Na2ONa2O25.H2OH2SO4P2O5CaCl2H3PO4CaC2NaOH6.O2NO24SO2Fe(OH)27.AgNO3HNO3H?2O2HClCu(OH)28.9.10.11.12.13.H2CH4C2H4C2H214.HNO3AgNO315.NH3()Cl2(KI)16.FeCl3SnCl217..18.H2CuOH2CuOH219.1cm2cm20.21.H2SO435%NaHCO3NaHCO322.23.()NaHCO3()24.NaOHH2SO4Cu(OH)225.pHpH26.Fe2+Sn2+(O227.(NaOH)28.29.30.31.,,()32.,33.(Na)34.,,,35.,,36.,37.,,38.NaOHFeCl3FeCl2KMnO4CS2NaOH39.,?:??40.NaK()(Li)41.42.Br243.I244.HNO3AgNO345.46.NH3?H2O47.C6H6C6H5CH3CH3CH2OHCH3CH2OCH2CH348.Cu(OH)249.050.051.052.053.NH3HClHBrHI54.CO2Cl2SO255.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.66.67.68.69.70.71.Cl72.73.74.75.KI76.77.78.79.80.82.83.84.I285.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.100.101.102.KSCN103.104.105.106.107.108.110.111.112.UKI.113.114.115.116.117.170118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.b126.127.128.129.130.132.133.Ba(OH)2NH4Cl134.SH2COCH4SO2135.NaOHNaOH136.137.138.139.123456N278%O2:21%0.94%CO20.03%7SO2CONO2SO2NO281.2.3.4.5.6.7.12345SO3NO2N2O4()22?4LNa2O2H2O2Cl2273273K22.4L.mol-16Fe2+HNO3AlHNO37CO2Fe3+S28====H0H0[]123()4AB512abc(3)pHC()6789gg.mol-1g.mol-1101112mA(s)+nB(g)pCl+qD(g)(g)13+-kJ?mol-11415NCOOHCH2CH2OH()CH2CHCOOH()nO(N)1617Cu63.564181000mL50mL192021103012345