《英国文学选读》学习要点

共14页第1页《英国文学选读》学习要点文学常识部分：1.Poetryisthemostcompressedformofliterature.2.Poetryiscomposedofcarefullychosenwordsexpressinggreatdepthofmeaning.3.Poetryusesspecificdevicessuchasconnotation,sound,andrhythmtoexpresstheappropriatecombinationofmeaningandemotion.4.Lyricalpoetrypresentsthedeepfeelingsandemotionsofthepoetasopposedtopoetrythattellsastoryorpresentsawittyobservation.5.ShakespearewriteshissonnetsinthepopularEnglishformofthreequatrainsandacouplet.6.Soliloquyindramaaspeech,oftenofsomelength,inwhichacharacter,aloneonthestage,expresseshisthoughtsandfeelings.7.Plotisknownasthe“seriesofrelatedevents”.8.Therearefivepartstoaplot:introduction,risingaction,climax,fallingaction,resolution9.Climaxistheturningpointofthestory.10.Conflictdescribesthestrugglebetweentwocharactersorforces.11.Thepurposeoftheshortstory'stitleistoinformreadersofstorycontent,toindicatemainidea,tocreatecuriosity12.Symbolisanobjectorideathathasitsownmeaningandrepresentssomethingelseaswell.13.Themeisthemainideaorauthor'sopinionaboutlifeexpressedinapieceofliterature.14.Onecharacterisclearlycentraltothestorywithallmajoreventshavingsomeimportancetothischaracter-he/sheistheprotagonist.Theopposerofthemaincharacteriscalledtheantagonist.15.Characterizationisthetechniqueswritersusetocreateanddevelopcharacters.16.PointofViewistherelationshipbetweenthenarratorandthestory(whoistellingthestory).17.Awritertellshisstoryfromadifferentpointofview--narration.Thereare3pointsofviewwhentellingastory:Firstperson:ThenarratorI;Omniscient:All-knowingnarrator;LimitedOmniscient:(thirdperson)18.Settingisthetimeandplaceofthestory.本学期共学习9位诗人、两位短篇小说家、七位小说家、两位戏剧家1.WilliamShakespeare:Sonnet182.GeoffreyChaucer:TheCanterburyTales3.JohnDonne:TheFlea4.RobertBurns:ARed,RedRose5.WilliamWordsworth:IWonderedLonelyasaCloud6.PercyShelley:OdetotheWestWind7.JohnKeats:OdeonaGrecianUrn8.*RobertBrowning:MyLastDuchess9.*T.S.Eliot:TheWasteLand10.D.H.Lawrence:TheRocking-HorseWinner11.*DorisLessing:AWomanonaroof12.DanielDefoe:RobinsonCrusoe13.JaneAusten:PrideandPrejudice14.*CharlotteBronte:JaneEyre共14页第2页15.CharlesDickens:GreatExpectations16.ThomasHardy:TessoftheD’Urbevilles17.*VirginiaWoolf:Mrs.Dalloway18.*WilliamGolding:LordoftheFlies19.WilliamShakespeare:Hamlet20.*GeorgeBernardShaw:Pygmalion1.IntroductionofWilliamShakespeareSignificancethegreatestEnglishpoetanddramatistcertainlythemostimportantplaywrightoftheEnglishRenaissanceLikelythemostinfluentialwriterinallofEnglishliteratureThemeofSonnet18Hissonnet18expressesthatbeautifulthingscanrelyontheforceofliteraturetoreacheternity.AnalysisofthepoemThefirsttwoquatrainsfocusonthefairlord'sbeauty:thepoetattemptstocompareittoasummer'sday,butshowsthattherecanbenosuchcomparison,sincethefairlord'stimelessbeautyfarsurpassesthatofthefleeting,inconstantseason.Questions1inpage14：Thespeakeropensthepoemwithaquestionaddressedtothebeloved:ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thenextelevenlinesaredevotedtosuchacomparison.Inline2,thespeakerstipulateswhatmainlydifferentiatestheyoungmanfromthesummer'sday:heismorelovelyandmoretemperate.Thepoetdescribessummerasaseasonofextremesanddisappointments.Summer'sdaystendtowardextremes:theyareshakenbyroughwinds;Inthem,thesun(theeyeofheaven)oftenshinestoohot,ortoodim.Andsummerisfleeting:itsdateistooshort,anditleadstothewitheringofautumn,aseveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines.Thefinalquatrainofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinthatrespect:hisbeautywilllastforever(Thyeternalsummershallnotfade...)andneverdie.Inthecouplet,thespeakerexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthisfeat,andnotperishbecauseitispreservedinthepoem,whichwilllastforever;itwillliveaslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee.Summer--summerasametaphorforyouth,orperhapsbeauty,orperhapsthebeautyofyouth.Whatdoes“eternallines”meaninthelastbutonestanza?What’stherhymeofShakespeareanSonnet?2.GeoffreyChaucer（1340--1400）Significance“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”(byJohnDryden)thefounderofmodernEnglishthefounderofEnglishrealisticliterature:thegreatestliteratebeforeShakespeareHewasthefirsttobeburiedinWestminsterAbby,forhisgreatcontributiontothemakingofEnglishand共14页第3页literature.Chaucer’swritingstyleHispoetryisfullofvigorandswiftness.HeenrichedthepoeticformsfortheEnglishpoetry.HeisthefirstpeoplewhomadetheLondonvernacularthelanguageofhisworkthusmakeitthefoundationformodernspeechandestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.GeneralIntroductiontoTheCanterburyTalesSignificanceItwasthelastofGeoffreyChaucer'sworksTheCanterburyTalesisChaucer’sMasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.ItisoneofthelandmarksofEnglishliterature,perhapsthegreatestworkproducedinMiddleEnglishItgivesusatruetolifepictureofhistime.TheworkstandsasahistoricalandsociologicalintroductiontothelifeandtimesofthelateMiddleAgesAnAnalysisoftheopeninglinesAsAprilcomes,thenarratorbeginsapilgrimagetoCanterburyfromtheTabardInnatSouthwerk.Twenty-ninepeoplemakethepilgrimagetowardCanterburyandthenarratordescribestheminturn.ThesearetheopeninglineswithwhichthenarratorbeginstheGeneralPr