IELTS READING第一讲(new)雅思阅读概述

IELTSREADINGLecturer:ZHAOYan(Suzanne)InternationalEducationCollegeTel:[e-mail]INGHaveageneralideaofIELTSREADING;CanclassifydifferenttypesofIELTSREADINGquestions;Knowthecharacteristicsof4differentIELTSREADINGquestions;Graspskillsandstepsofdoing4kindsofquestionsOutlineofIELTSREADINGLectureOneOverviewofIELTSREADINGLectureTwoTrue/False/NotGivenquestionsLectureThreeListofHeadingsLectureFourMatchingquestionsLectureFiveSummaryTargetsofLectureOneKnowtheclassificationsofIELTSREADING;HaveanoverviewofACADEMICIELTSREADING;KnowthedifferencesofsomeimportantwordsinIELTSREADING;ObjectiveofLectureOneParaphraseCapabilities；StepsofhowtodoIELTSREADINGquestions;ClassificationsofIELTSREADINGquestionsaccordingtothedifficultiesoflanguageprocessingandlocation;IELTSREADINGGeneralReadingAcademicReadingAcademicReading3sections,around40questions,60minutes1500-2500wordsforthewholereadingtestTopicsofthetestsarechosefromdifferentjournals,magazines,textbook,newspapers.IELTSReadingincludingaround14kindsofquestions,canbedividedinto4groups.QuestionTypeMultipleChoiceQuestions---ListofHeadings---Matching---Summary---MultipleChoiceTrueorFalseQuestions---True/False/NotGivenQuestionTypeFillintheBlanks---Summary---Completethesentences---Shortanswerquestions---PicturefillingOthersIELTSREADINGIELTSREADINGcanbeclassifiedasthefollowingsaccordingtoitsIntrinsicattributes:Gist/Detail(主旨考察/细节考察)In/Outoforder(有序考察/乱序考察)Global/Local(全文考察/局部考察)ImportantWordsinIELTSREADINGKeywordsLocatingwordsExampointwordsKeyWordsQUESTIONS1.Networkingisnotamodernidea.2.Peoplefallintotwobasiccategories.3.Allteachersarecynics.4.ThefirstpieceofHesse’sarthaslittleeffectonvisitorstothegallery.5.TheNewForesthasalreadybeenmakeintoaNationalPark.KeyWordsAnswer1.not2.two3.all4.little/first5.alreadyKeyWordsKeywordscanhelptheexaminerprocessbigamountofinformationintosimpleandeasyunderstandinformation.Thelocatingwordsarekeywordsbutnotallthekeywordsarelocatingwords.KeyWordsIfthewordsappearinthetextseveraltimes,thosewordsarenotkeywords.Becauseofitsoutstandingcharacteristics(特殊性和细节性),keywordsarethewordsappearinthetextunderfrequency.文章中多次出现的语汇不是关键词。越细节越特殊的词，在文章中出现的频率越低，一旦找到，它旁边的信息很可能就是考点了。KeyWordsKeywordincludes?1.主题词句子要描述的对象，会在文中多次出现2.定位词出现次数少而且特殊的词KeyWordsExampleAndthefuture-Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.Butforagrowingnumberofregionsoftheworldthefutureifalreadywithus.Whilesomeareasaredevastatedbyflooding,scarcityofwaterinmanyotherplacesiscausingconflict.ThestateofTexasintheUnitedStatesofAmericaissufferingashortageofwaterwiththeRioGrandefallingtoreachtheGulfofMexicoforthefirsttimein50yearsinthespringof2000,pittingregionagainstregionastheyvieforwatersources.Withmanypartsofthegloberunningdrythroughdroughtandincreasedwaterconsumption,thereisnowtalkofwaterbeingthenewoil.DifferentClassificationsofKeyWordsKeywordscanbedividedintofourgroupsaccordingtotheirrelationship:Causality表因果;Adversativerelation表转折;Comparison表比较;Coordinativerelation表并列DifferentClassificationsofKeyWordsKeywordscanbedividedintofourtypesaccordingtothenatureofthewords:Determiner(adj./adv.)限定词;Numerals(figures,quantities,proportions)数字词;Negativewords(anykindsofnegatives)否定词;comparatives(anykindsofcomparisonandcontrast)比较词KeyWordsOtherimportantkeywords:Modals:e.g.must,should,haveto(varyingdegreesofobligationorcertainty)表示不同程度的义务和确定性Adverbsoffrequency:e.g.sometimes,always;频率副词LocatingWordsⅠPrinciplesoflocatingwordsIfthewordsappearedinthetextconstantlyrepeated,itisnotthelocatingwords;Thereshouldn’tbetoomuchlocatingwords;Betterthelocatingwordsinthetextandquestionsarethesame;ifchangeshappens,betteritiseasilyidentified.LocatingWordsⅡTypesoflocatingwordsEasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords/特殊定位词NotEasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords/普通定位词EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords1.NumbersExample1Questions:The1990surveyrelatedto550.000consultationswithalternativetherapists.Text:The550,000consultationswithalternativetherapistsreportedinthe1990survey.EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords2.DifferentkindsofProperNouns(inCapitalLetter)Example2Question:OpponentsofsmokingfinancedtheUCSFstudy…Text:AmorerecentstudybyresearchersandtheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanFrancisco(UCSF)hasshownthat…EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords3.TechnicalTermsExample3Question：…madeusingalesspoisonoustypeofphosphorusText:…weresafebecausetheredphosphoruswasnon-toxic…EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords4.SpecialPrintExample4Question:Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenviewsaboutthe‘pure’sciencethattheystudyatschool.Text:Manystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbormisconceptionabout‘pure’,curriculumscienceLocatingWordsⅢBasicCharacteristicsoftheLocatingWordsEye-catching最与众不同、最显眼的词（具有代表性）AvoidRepetition不是重复出现的词（出现频率不高）AvoidParaphrasing最不容易被替换掉的词LocatingWordsNote1.特殊印刷体（大写、粗体、斜体、下划线等）、数字（年代、百分数）、含特殊符号的词（连字符、引号）、名词、副词及副词短语（时间、程度、范围、频率、顺序），都可以直接做LocatingWords。LocatingWords2.在同一个题目里，同样的词只能做一次定位词，第二次出现的时间必须要换词。3.实在不好找定位词时，宁愿选名词也不要选动词。（Why?）名词的变化形式和同义词相对于其他词性的词来说是比较少的，比较