似Allee效应对2_物种集合种群竞争动态的影响

28220082ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.28,No.2Feb.,2008(40371108);211:2006211213;:2007204229:(1982),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]:[e-mail]:TheprojectwasfinanciallysupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.40371108)andNational211KeyProjectofChina:TheEnvironmentalEvolutionandEcologicalConstructiononMulti2spatio2temporalScalesReceiveddate:2006211213;Accepteddate:2007204229Biography:CHENLing2Ling,Ph.D.candidate,mainlyengagedinecologyandresource.E2mail:[e-mail]221,2,1,2,3,1,2,1,2(1.,210097;2.,210097):AlleeAlleeAllee22,Allee22:(1)Allee;(2)Allee,,;(3)Allee,,;Allee,,,;(4)Allee,,Allee,,Allee:Allee;22;;;:100020933(2008)0220645211:Q145:ACompetitivedynamicsoftwo2metaspeciessubjecttotheAllee2likeeffectCHENLing2Ling1,2,LINZhen2Shan1,2,3,CHENCheng2Zhong1,2,LIANGRen2Jun1,21JiangSuKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalChangeandEcologicalConstruction,Nanjing210097,China2CollegeofGeographicSciences,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097,ChinaActaEcologicaSinica,2008,28(2):06450655.Abstract:TheAllee2likeeffectinmetapopulationissimilartolocalpopulationsubjecttotheAlleeeffect.Itisintroducedintothetwo2competitivemetaspeciessystemtoestablishatwo2metaspeciesdynamicmodelsubjecttotheAllee2likeeffect.Numericalsimulationresultsshowthat:(1)TheAllee2likeeffectcouldleadtomultiplestablestatesinthetwo2metaspeciescompetitivesystem.(2)Itcausesthecoexistenceimpossibleandevenextinctionofbothspecies.Ultimateequilibriumwillbechangedwithinitialpatchoccupancies.(3)Withcompetitiveexclusion,theAllee2likeeffectcouldcauseallspeciestogoextinction.ThestrongertheAllee2likeeffectis,theshorterthespeciessurvivalperiodwillbe.Itdegradesthesuperiorspeciestobeinferiorandupgradestheinferiorsuperior,similarinhabitatdestructionaffectingthespeciesecologicalorder.(4)Asadestabilizingfactorinstabilityandinmetaspeciespersistenceintheevolvement,itwillsignificantlyaffecttheequilibriumevenifitisslightlychanged.Astoastablesystem,theAllee2likeeffectregulatestheabundanceofbothmetaspeciesinsteadofreducingtheirequilibriumvalues,whichrevealsitsinfluenceoncompetitivemetaspeciesdynamics[1],,,,,,[2]Allee[37],[8],Levins[8,9]Levins,,,Allee,,,[10,11]Allee,:,,,,,AlleeAllee,Allee[12]Allee,(Daphnia),[13],10(Hesperiacomma)(Plebejusargus)[14],,,,,,[15]Allee,[2,3,1517],Allee[7,18]Allee[11,19,20],,,[2123],Allee,Allee?Allee?22Allee,Allee22,,Allee,AlleeAllee1Levins[24],:dpdt=mp(1-p)-ep(1),m,e(1),12,,2(1)22:64628==m1p1(1-p1)-e1p1(2)dp2dt=m2p2(1-p1-p2)-e2p2-m1p1p2(3)(2)(1),21;(3)21Allee(p/(p+a))[20],Allee22:dp1dt=m1p1(1-p1)p1p1+a1-e1p1(4)dp2dt=m2p2(1-p1-p2)p2p2+a2-m1p1p2p1p1+a1-e2p2(5),a1,a212Alleea1,a2,Alleea1=a2=0,(2)(3)e1,e2,Allee;m1,m2,Allee,m1(p1/(p1+a1)),m2(p2/(p2+a2))1.1matlab(2)(3),4:A1-e1m1,m2e1-e2m1-m21+m1e1m1e1,B1-e1m1,0,C0,1-e2m2,D(0,0)(),[25],m1,m2,e1,e2Allee,4:1221(1a1d)1Allee,4,,1m1m2,(1a);1,2,1,2(1b);12,2,1,2(1c)1d,,p1(0)p2(0),2Allee222.1Allee,,1(1a)Allee,Allee,4:(2a2d1)21AlleeAllee,,Allee,300a,900a,Allee(2a)Allee,,,(2b)Allee,,7462:Allee22(a)m1=0.03,m2=0.05,e1=0.021,e2=0.018;(b)m1=0.05,m2=0.04,e1=0.021,e2=0.018;(c)m1=0101,m2=0.05,e1=0.021,e2=0.018;(d)m1=0.015,m2=0.01,e1=0.021,e2=0.018(2c)Allee0.1,10%,,(2d),Allee,,Allee,(2d)2,,,AlleeAllee,Allee,,,,AlleeAllee,,AlleeAllee2.2AlleeAllee,,,12(1b),Allee,,Allee,(3a);Allee(a1),(3b),Allee84628=0.03,m2=0.05,e1=0.021,e2=0.018,(a)a1=0.02,a2=0.025,(b)a1=0.02,a2=0.2,(c)a1=0.35,a2=0.25,(d)a1=0.35,a2=0.15Allee22(1c),Allee,(3c),Allee,,(3d2),Allee3Allee,,Allee,,Allee,,Allee,Allee,Allee3Alleematlab(2)(3),Allee,22,Allee,9,A(0,0)4Allee,Allee9462:Allee22(a)m1=0.05,m2=0.04,a1=0.2,a2=0.2,p1(0)=0.1,p2(0)=0.15,(b)m1=0.05,m2=0.04,a1=0.1,a2=012,p1(0)=0.1,p2(0)=0.15,(c)m1=0101,m2=0.05,a1=0.2,a2=0.2,p1(0)=0.1,p2(0)=0.2,(d)m1=0101,m2=0.05,a1=0.2,a2=0.2,p1(0)=0.3,p2(0)=0.2:B1m1-e1+(m1-e1)2-4m1e1a12m1,0B2m1-e1-(m1-e1)2-4m1e1a12m1,0B2,,;B1,,,B14B1,Allee,Allee,,Allee:C10,m2-e2+(m2-e2)2-4m2e2a22m2C20,m2-e2-(m2-e2)2-4m2e2a22m2,C1,;C2,5C1Allee,,Allee,05628(0),p2(0)TheinitialpatchoccupanciesSpeciesevolvement0.030.050.020.0250.1,0.2,0.030.050.020.20.4,0.3,;a1,;p1(0),0.030.050.350.35Anyvalues,0.030.050.350.25Anyvalues,0