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PassageA:OxfordUniversityUnitOneTextAnalysisLead-inPicturesBeforereadingPassageA,describethefollowingpictures.QuadofBalliolCollege,OxfordStudentsattheUniversityofOxfordinOxford,England,preparetoreceivetheiracademicdegrees.Thesashesoftheirgownsarelinedwithdifferentcolorsofsilk,designatingeachstudent’srespectivecollegeorfieldofstudy.SundialonCollegeBuildingThinkAboutIt(theprofessor’sinterestinglecturesandthewaysheorganizedclassactivities.Maybeparticularlythegroupwork)1.Howdoyoulikeyouruniversityprofessorsandlecturerstodotheirteaching?ThinkAboutIt2.Haveyoueverreceivedascholarship?Doyouthinkuniversitiesshouldtrytheirbesttoprovidetheirstudentswithmorescholarships?Explain.Gooduniversitiesprovidedifferentkindsofscholarships.Studentswillbemotivatedtostudyharderiftherearemoreopportunitiesforthemtobegrantedscholarships.PartI.(Paras.1)Oxfordisoneoftheworld’smostfamousuniversitiesandbeganinthe1100s.(WhatOxfordUniversityislike:oldest/oneofthemostfamous,/itslocation)PartII.(Paras.2－10):AdetaileddescriptionofOxfordUniversityPartIII.(Paras.11－12):MissionofOxforduniversity:aleaderinresearch,whilealsopromotinggoodteachingwithindividualtutorialsandsmallgroupinteraction.Structureofthetext:Para2-5:Oxfordhad16300studentsin35collegesand5privatehalls.Eachcollegehasitsownbuildings,teachers,andstudents.Buttheuniversitygrantsthedegrees,notthecolleges.Para6-8:RhodesandMarshallScholarshipsareamongthewaysforeignstudentsmayattendOxfordandcompetitionforadmissionandfinancialaidisintenseexampleofStevenToolsPara9-10:RecentlyOxfordhaswonanationalinnovationawardandformedaninternationaldistancepartnershipwithStanfordandYale.NotestotheTextClickthefollowingwordstolistentothetext.Listentothewholetext.Listentoparagraph1.UnitedKingdomUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy(君主制的国家)innorthwesternEurope,officiallytheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.EnglandisthelargestandmostpopulousdivisionoftheislandofGreatBritain,makingupthesouthandeast.WalesisonthewestandScotlandistothenorth.NorthernIrelandislocatedinthenortheastcornerofIreland.ThecapitaloftheUnitedKingdomisthecityofLondon,situatednearthesoutheasterntipofEngland.theAnthem(国歌）oftheU.K.“TheGodSavetheQueen”.TheHousesofParliamentThewords“Parliament”and“theHouseofCommons”indicatewhatitsfunctionwasinthepastandwhatitisstilltoday.It‘saplacefordebatesbetween,ontheonehand,thegovernment(usedtobetheking)andontheotherhand,therepresentativesofthecommunities:thecommunes(组织，团体),thecommons,intowhichthecountrywasdivided.Theyusedtocometogethertohaveadialogue.Thekingwantedtheirsupportandtheirtaxesandtheywantedthekingtofollowtheirpoliciesandtoredressanylocalgrievances(不平，抱怨，牢骚).That'swhatitwasinthepast,centuriesagoandthat'swhatitstillistoday:aplacefordebates.Clickthepicturetoplaythevideoclip.TheHousesofParliament(议会大厦)bytheriverThamesinLondon.TherearetwoHousesintheParliament-theHouseofLords(上议院，贵族院)andtheHouseofCommons(众议院，下议院),wheretheelectedmembersofParliamentmeet.EnglandEnglandisapoliticaldivisionoftheislandofGreatBritainandtheprincipaldivisionoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.ItoccupiesalloftheislandeastofWalesandsouthofScotland,otherdivisionsoftheislandofGreatBritain.=1&pg=2&ti=761572205LandsEnd,CornwallEnglandClickthepicturetoplaythevideoclip.LondonLondonisthecapitaloftheUnitedKingdom.ItissituatedinsoutheasternEnglandalongtheThamesRiver.Withapopulationofabout7million,thisvastmetropolisisbyfarthelargestcityinEurope,adistinctionithasmaintainedsincethe17thcentury.=1&pg=2&ti=761574117ThamesRiver,LondonBigBen,LondonNotestotheTextClickthefollowingwordstolistentothetext.Listentothewholetext.Listentoparagraph2.Listentoparagraph3.Listentoparagraph4.Listentoparagraph5.Nowstudythefollowing:1.AtOxford,eachcollegeisacorporatebodydistinctfromtheuniversityandisgovernedbyitsownheadandfellows.(Line1,Para.3)牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。corporatea.:formedintoacorporation;incorporated.(法人组成)团体的；成为法人实体的--Tothisdayeverycorporationhasachartergivenbyagovernmentalbodystipulating(规定，保证)thecorporation’sprivilegesandduties.2.Theuniversityprovidessomelibraries,laboratories,andotherfacilities,butthecollegestakeprimaryresponsibilityfortheteachingandwell-beingoftheirstudents.(L.7,Para.3)大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。well-beingn.:thestateofbeinghealthy,happy,orprosperous;welfare健康、幸福或富裕的状态；福利--Asadvertisingstimulatesthedesireforupdatedorimprovedproducts,peopleincreasinglyequatetheirwell-beingwithowningcertainthingsandacquiringthelatestmodel.3.EachstudentatOxfordisassignedtoatutor,whosupervisesthestudent'sprogramofstudy,primarilythroughtutorials.(para.4)EachOxfordstudenthasaprivatesupervisorwhoadvicesandinstructsthestudentonaone-to-onebasis.在牛津，每个学生都配有一个导师，主要通过导师制监督学生的学习。Structure?NotestotheTextClickthefollowingwordstolistentothetext.Listentothewholetext.Listentoparagraph6.Listentoparagraph7.Listentoparagraph8.TheRhodesScholarshipRhodesscholarshipisascholarshipforstudyatOxfordUniversity,asumofmoneyawardedannuallytostudentsfro