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技巧点拨说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。写这类文章需注意以下几点：1.首先要审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点。2.写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。3.时态常用一般现在时，当然若是介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时；语态可能用到被动语态；若是介绍地点环境等，要善于运用therebe结构。1.[描述现象]Withthedevelopmentofsociety,heavytraffichasarousedgreatconcern.Somepeoplethink…,whileothersthink…随着社会的发展，交通拥挤已经引起了广泛的关注。一些人认为，……；而另一些人认为，……必备词句2.[说明原因]Therearemanyreasonsinvolved.Amongthem,theincreaseofprivatecarsplaysanimportantrole.这涉及到许多原因。其中，私家车的猛增是主要原因。3.[解决办法]Thefirstmeasureistolimitthenumberofprivatecarsrunningonthestreeteveryday.Immediateafterthat,weshould…Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.第一个重要措施是限制每天在路上的私家车的数量。之后，我们应当……只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。4.说明空间顺的词语：ontopof,nextto,closeto,infrontof,tothesouthof语篇模板(1)现象解释型［描述现象］Accordingtothefiguresintheabovetable,wecanclearlyseethattheamountofmoneyspentonfoodhasdecreasedgradually,comingto35%in1998.However,therehavebeengreatincreaseintheexpensesofclothingandrecreation.［分析原因］Whatarethecausesofthesechanges?Inthefirstplace,withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,peoplepaymoreattentiontotheirclothesandsomeofthemevenwanttobedressedinthelatestfashions.Furthermore,peoplepaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirlives.Therefore,manypeopleliketospendmoremoneyonrecreation.［指出趋势］Inshort,Ibelievewiththerapidincreaseinpeople’sincome,suchtrendswillbecomeevenmoreobviousinthefuture.(2)地点介绍型［地理位置］TaiwanIsland,thelargestislandinourcountry,lieswestofthePacificOcean,withtheEastSeaonthenorthandtheSouthSeasurroundingitssouthwest.TothewestoftheislandisFujian,anotherprovinceofChina.(方位的表达、同位语和with复合结构的使用)［面积人口资源］Taiwanhasanareaofabout36,000squarekilometersandapopulationofover20,000,000.It’srichinnaturalresources;forexample,bananas,rice,teaandsoonarefamousbothathomeandabroad.Thesceneryissobeautifulandtheclimateissopleasantthattravelersgoinacontinuousstreamforavisitallovertheworld.3.用英语介绍你校你市将举行中考志愿填报咨询会,请你根据下面的提示用英语给你校写一篇简介。专题练析[写作内容]学校名称一中，广东省重点中学建校时间1957年学校规模占地面积约16万平方米,教学班级多达60个,400多教师,5000多学生教学设施先进,齐全教学宗旨培养学生创新能力和实践能力教学成果各类竞赛成果显著；高考成绩列全省前茅[写作要求]只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。[评分标准]句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。[写作提示]本篇写作要用到的预期语言手段有：同位语手段、目的的表达、排位的表达等。参考范文TheFirstMiddleSchool,akeymiddleschoolinGuangdongProvince,foundedin1957,coversanareaofabout160,000squaremeters.Atpresent,thereareasmanyas60classesinourschool,withmorethan400teachersand5000students.Theschoolisequippedwithvariousmodernteachingfacilities,whichprovidesstudentswithbetterstudyingconditions.Ourschoolhasbeenaimingatdevelopingstudents’creativityaswellaspracticalabilities.Sofar,wehavemadegreatachievementsinallkindsofcompetitions,andbesides,theexamresultofourschoolinthecollegeentranceexaminationoftenranksfirstamongallthemiddleschoolsinourprovince.4.介绍现代人的健康状况调查结果HealthMagazine就现代人的健康状况进行了调查，其结果如下：与以前相比，人们的健康状语有下滑现象，其原因主要有：1.工作忙碌，压力过大，缺少锻炼；2.生活没有规律，熬夜，休息不够；3.不少人有抽烟，喝酒的习惯；［写作内容］请根据调查情况写一篇短文，内容包括：1.与过去相比，人们的健康状况；2.下滑的主要原因；3.建议：养成良好的生活习惯。戒烟，戒酒，多运动。［描述现象］AccordingtothesurveymadebytheHealthMagazine,comparedwiththepast,peopleareinpoorercondition.［分析原因］Oneofthemainreasonsisthatpeoplearelivingabusylifewithouttakingenoughexerciseandsufferlotsofstress.Besides,mostofthemhavetostayuplateatnightwithsolittletimetorest,makingtheirlivesbecomequiteirregular.Worsetill,anumberofthesepeoplehavegotintothehabitofsmokinganddrinkingalcohol.［提出建议］Tochangethis,oneshouldformagoodlivinghabitbydoingphysicalexerciseregularlyandtrytokeepawayfromcigaretteandalcohol.