搜索
上海高考英语备考训练1/6上海高考英语题型训练：概要写作概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文的中心思想，体裁和结构的前提下，省去细节，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩地概况文章的主要内容和观点。注意只需要用不同语言复述原文主旨，不能加入自己的观点。Ihelpedanoldmaninragswholosthisway,Mainpoint:Ihelpedanoldman.Details:inrags,wholosthisway.概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，一般以议论文说明文或者记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词以内的内容概要。完成一篇概要写作，需要经过下列步骤。1，读原文，找出全文中心思想和段落主题句。注重全文第一句，每段首尾句。碰上细节句，比如具体数字、举例等可以跳过不读。2，组织语言，对主题句和中心思想同义替换表达。在转换改写中，注重语言表达的准确性、高级性，不照抄原文句子，同时注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字表达重要的内容。转换方式：（1）常用词替换：比如beableto替代can,havetheability；agreatmany替换alotof;convincing替换persuasive等。（2）改变词性，比如successful变成succeedindoing;happy变成happily;adapt替换adaptive,reproduction替换reproduce、reproductive等。（3）改变句式，比如把原文两个句子变成主从复合句，把原文的从句变成非谓语动词，普通句改成itis句式等。3，找出恰当的关联词，连贯全文。如：first,what’smore,lastbutnotleast等，关注各段落之间的逻辑关系，关注一切有转承关系的连接词，如however,besides,inaddition,therefore,instead等。4，大略估算一下字数，如果不足50个字，尝试加上形容词、副词如：extraordinary,amazing,significantly,greatly等，或者用定语从句，状语从句、非谓语动词加上一点文中的细节扩张原来的短句。5，检查：语法错误如单复数、主谓一致、时态、主干和从句主谓齐全、非谓语动词准确。杜绝低级错误。为写好概要写作，在平时的阅读中，应注意：1，培养抓中心句、概况中心思想的习惯。2，掌握词性和句型转换方法，学会用不同的语法结构表达同一个主题。3，积累同义替换词和连接词。上海高考英语备考训练2/6SummaryWritingDirection:Readthefollowingpassage.Sammarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Unit1,Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere--onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderangeofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimalsBecausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised(伪装)likeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen(青苔),aseedorsomeothernaturalobjectSomeinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,confusingtheirenemies.Someinsectsalsoimitatebitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.参考答案：Thereasonswhyinsectssucceedinsurvivingforalongtimeandexistingeverywhereareasfollows.First,theiroutstandingadaptivebehavioursforsurvivalallowthemtoliveinverydifficult/desperateconditions/interriblesituations.Moreover,insectsareabletoreproducethemselvesatanexceptionally/extraordinarilyhighrate.Thethirdisthattheycanchangecolourstoprotectthemselvesfrombeingeaten.(57words)Unit2,Haveyoueverbeeninvolvedinanimalrescue?ThisiswhathappenedtoWinterthedolphin.WinterwasfoundoffthecoastofFloridainDecemberof2005.Shewasjustafewmonthsold,alone,andcaughtinacrabtrap.Theropesfromthetrapwerewrappedtightlyaroundherbody.Thefishermanwhofoundhercalledforhelp,andtherescueteamsoonarrived.Theropeshadcutoffthebloodcirculationtohertail.Shewasbadlyhurt.Herrescuersdidn'tthinkshewouldsurvive.Hopingforamiracleandracingagainsttimetosaveher,therescuerstransferredhertotheClearwaterMarineAquariuminFlorida.ThedoctorsmanagedtosaveWinter,butsadly,nothertail.HertailflukesweretoodamagedandhadtoberemovedsoWintercouldlive.ThelittledolphinWintersurvivedagainstallodds,butshewouldneverbeabletoswimnormallywithoutatail.Thankfullythestorydoesn'tendhere.Winterwasabletoswim,butnotverywell.Becauseshedidn'thaveatail.Shemovedherbodyinaside-to-sidemotionlikeashark.Butdoctorsattheaquariumwereworriedthat上海高考英语备考训练3/6unconventionalmovementwouldhurtherspine.KevinCarrollheardWinter’sstoryandthoughthecouldhelp.Heisaspecialistwhodesignsandprovidesprosthesesforpeople.Ifhecouldhelppeople,whynothelpadolphin?HestartedworkingwithWinterandcameupwithasolutionforthenewflukeandtailsectionKevindesignedastretchysleevetofitwinter’sbodyandprotectherskin.Thenatailmadeofsiliconeandplasticwasmadetotightlyfitoverthesleeve.Nowwintercanswimlikeotherdolphins.Andsheisagreatinspirationtopeoplewhostrugglewiththeirowninjuries.参考答案：AdolphinWinterwasfoundtrappedinropesbyafisherman.Badlyinjured,shehadtobetransferredtoanaquariumwheredoctorssavedherbuthadtoremoveherdamagedtail.Luckily,anexpertofferedhishelpbymakinganartificialtailforher.Winterisabletoswimnormallyagain,whichinspirespeopleindifficulties.(55words)Unit3,TakeCareofYourSpine(脊柱)Thespinestandsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyourbodywithstructureandsupport.Italsocontainsyourspinalcord,amassivecollectionofnervesthatsendselectricsignalsfromtherestofyourbodytoyourbrain.Therefore,it’simportanttotakecareofit.Maintainingyourgoodpostur