第1页共10页必修二第四单元Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1.respondvi.回答,答复;响应,作出反应responsen.回答,回复;反应respondtosb./sth.回答(比answer,replyto正式)respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)用……回应某人(事)respondto(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应responsetosb./sth.(对人/物)的回答/回复/反应inresponseto作为对……的反应[即学即练1](1)Theystillhaven't____________myletter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)He____________mysuggestion________alaugh/______laughing.他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)Hisillnessdidn't____________treatmentbydrugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)Mymotheropenedthedoor____________________theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有。respondedto,respondedto,with,by,respondto,inresponseto2.certainadj.确定的;无疑的;某(种)(1)作“某(种)”讲时,同义于some.但some前不加冠词。foracertainreason=forsomereason由于某种原因certainprofessors=someprofessors某些教授acertainamountoftime相当一段时间(2)作“确信的,有把握的”讲时,同义于sure.但是certain的主语既可以是人,也可用于Itiscertainthat...句型,而sure主语只能是人。“becertain/sure+从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念)becertain/sureof/aboutsth.(人)确信(表示主语的信念)becertain/suretodosth.必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称,表示说话人的信念)“makecertain/sure+从句”弄清楚/确保……makecertain/sureof/aboutsth.把某件事情弄清楚forcertain/sure确定地,确切地(做状语)第2页共10页Itiscertainthat...一定会……(不能用sure)[即学即练2](1)Therewas_________________inhismanner.他的态度有点冷淡。(2)Areyou____________________it?你对此有把握吗?(3)Heis__________________hisduty.他肯定会尽职。(4)_________________hehaswrongedme.我确信他冤枉了我。(5)_________________theirteamwillwinthematch.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。acertaincoldness,certainabout/of,certaintodo,I’mcertainthat,It’scertainthat3.containvt.包含;容纳(=hold);抑制(=control)[即学即练3](1)Hispaper___________nomistakesatall.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orangejuice____________thingswhichhelpkeepyouhealthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)Thisbottle___________twoglassesofbeer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)Hecouldn't____________forjoy.他不胜欢喜。contained,contains,contains,containhimself4.affectvt.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭begreatly/deeplyaffected很/深受感动beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/着凉beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧[即学即练4](1)Theamountofrain______thegrowthofcrops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)Oneofherlungs____________alittlesothatshehastorest.她的一叶肺有些感染,所以她不得不休息。(3)Theaudience____________________byhisspeech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects,isaffected,weredeeplyaffected5.appreciatevt.欣赏;感激;喜欢appreciationn.欣赏;感激appreciatesth.(thanksb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事one/one'sdoingsth.感激某人做某事第3页共10页Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……,我将不胜感激。[即学即练5](1)Hehighly__________________________.他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)Weshall___________________________youagain.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)Ireally____________________________totheparty.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)Iwould______________________youcouldhelpme.如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。appreciatedhishelpappreciatehearingfromappreciateyourcomingappreciateitif6.succeedv.成功successn.[U]成功;成就[C]成功的人或事successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地succeedindoingsth.havesuccessindoingsth.besuccessfulindoingsth.成功做某事achievegreatsuccess取得巨大的成功sb./sth.isasuccess成功的人或事[即学即练6](1)Weall_____________________themid-termexamination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)Failureisthemotherof__________.失败是成功之母。(3)Hewas_________________________asanovelist.他是非常成功的小说家。succeededinpassing,success,asuccess7.harmvt.&n.损害;危害harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto=doharmtodosb.harm=doharmtosb.对……有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.第4页共10页=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。[即学即练7](1)Thedogseemsfierce,butitwon’t______anyone.这条狗看上去很凶,但它不会伤害任何人。(2)Fruitjuicecan______________________children’steeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)Hemaysayno,but___________________________asking.他可能拒绝,但问一问也无妨。harm,beharmfulto,thereisnoharmin8.dieout灭亡,逐渐消失dieout绝种,灭绝;熄灭;(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死亡;(草木)先后枯死dieaway(声音、光线、风等)渐弱,渐息,平息diedown(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱,渐息;(声音)静下来dieof指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等diefrom指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死[即学即练8](1)Scientistssaidthatthoseplants______acenturyago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2)Manyoldcustoms___________________________.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)Ifthesnowstormdoesnotblowover,thecattlewill______________.如果暴风雪不停息,牲畜就要死掉了。(4)Opentheairhole;thefireis___________________.把气孔打开,火要熄了。diedout,aredyingout,dieoff,dyingdown(5)Everywintersomeoldpeople_______________hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadaysmanypeople________________cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。diefrom,dieof9.indanger(of...)处于危险之中outofdanger脱离危险[即学即练9]第5页共10页(1)Thedrownedgirlwasobviously_________________________.很明显,那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)Theoldhouseis_________________collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。(3)Theyweretoldatthehospitalthattheirgrandmotherwas_________________.他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。inimmediatedanger,indangerof,outofdanger拓展:与in/outof搭配的短语inorder有秩序insight看得见introuble在困境中inline成行(队)inplace适合/当infashion时尚outoforder出故障(机器等工作不正常)outofsight看不见outoftrouble摆脱困境outofline不成一直线outofplace不合适outoffashion过时10.protect...from/against...保护……免受……(的伤害)defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……keepsb.fromdoingstopsb.(from)doingpreventsb.(from)doing阻止某人做[即学即练10](1)Youngplantsshouldbewell______________thecold.幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。(2)Thehen___________itsyoung___________beingattackedbythecat.母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。(3)Everyoneshouldtakeuparmsto__________ourcountryfrominvasion.每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。(4)Nothingcan______us______realizingourdreams.什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protectedfrom,protected,against,defend,第6页共10页stop,from提示:(1)protectagainst和protectfrom意思相似,有时可互换。但是,对于较大的事情,如:敌人的入侵、天灾等,常用protectagainst,对于较小的事情常用protectfrom.(2)在protect...from/against...结构中,