中考英语重点单词和短语用法总结

中考英语重点单词和短语用法总结◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费花费时间做某事：Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime（in）doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.某人花钱买某物：sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物.※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend？Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.◆2.thanksfor为…而感谢⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.thanksto多亏/由于⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.◆3.感叹句:多么…what+名词how+形容词/副词⑴______badweather！⑵______hardheworks！⑶______freshvegetables！⑷______cuteamonkeyitis！◆4.因为、由于：because（连词）+从句:（表示原因）becauseof（介词短语）+名词（短语）=thanksto⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.Hecan’tcome_____heisill.Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.※because和so不能同时连用.◆5.来自:befrom=comefrom⑴Whereareyoufrom？=Where______you____________？⑵HeisfromTibet.=He____________Tibet.◆6.Howoften对频率提问（多久一次）→回答用表示频率的副词或短语；Howlong对一段时间提问（多久）→回答用表示一段时间的状语；Howsoon对将来时间提问（多久）→回答用in+时间段；Howfar询问多长距离（多长）⑴______haveyoubeencollectingthekites？-Fortenyears.⑵______doyougoshopping？-Sometimes.⑶______willyourfathercomeback？-Intwoyears.⑷_____doyouexercise？-Onceaweek.⑸_____isitfromyourhometoschool？-Abouttenmiles.⑹_____areyoustayingthere？-Twoweeks.◆7.乘交通工具：takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.※骑自行车、马或驴用ride：rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar◆8.对不起:Excuseme（劳驾，客套话）；Sorry（表示道歉）⑴______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu？⑵Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom？-______.I’lldoitrightaway.⑶Don’teatinclass.-_____.MsClark.⑷_____，isthisthewaytothestation？◆9.声音:sound（自然界各种声音）；noise（噪音）；voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）⑴Lucyhasasweet______.⑵That______likeagoodidea.⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.◆10.looklike（外貌看起来像…）；belike（性格像…）⑴Lily__________Lucy.Oh，theyaretwins.⑵Tony____________amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.◆11.take…to…带去；bring…to…带来；fetch没有方向性（强调来回）⑴Tony.______theballhere.Please.⑵Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.⑶______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.◆12.一些：some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和疑问句⑴I’dlike______milk.⑵Wouldyoulike______yogurt？Thanks.Idon’twant______.※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some.◆13.多少：Howmany修饰可数名词复数；Howmuch修饰不可数名词⑴______juicedoyouwant？⑵______applesdoyouwant？⑶______istheT-shirt？–It’s30yuan.※Howmuch可对价钱提问：Howmucharethepotatoes？◆14.看：see强调看的结果；look（at）不及物动词，强调看的动作；watch观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影；read读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志⑴Don’t______inbed.⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie◆15.stopdoingsth停止做某事；stoptodosth停下来去做别的事⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______（cry).⑵Hewastiredandstopped______（have）arest.◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：△forget/remembertodosth（忘记/记得去做某事）→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.（没有做关灯的动作）Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.forget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作：△forget/rememberdoingsth（忘记/记得做过某事）→Heforgotturningoffthelight.（已做过关灯的动作）Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore？◆17.到达…reach+地点getto+地点reach=gettoarrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______（get）homeontime.※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时，都不加介词.如：gethomegetthere省略to◆18.擅长，在…方面做得好：begoodat=dowellin⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily___________insingingthanLucy.◆19.win（赢得）接agame、war、amatch、aprizebeat（打败、战胜）接运动员、球队、对手等.⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch？⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.◆20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用.⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike？=Canyou______yourbike______me？⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.⑶HowlongcanI______thebook？Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.※类似用法的还有：buy—haveputon—wearbecome—beleave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beondie—bedeadreturn—beback①becomeHehas______adoctor.Hehas______adoctorfor10years.②beginThefilmhas______.Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.◆21.beableto意思为：可能，会，相当于can※情态动词后面都接动词原形。⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.⑵Ican______(play)theguitar.⑶He______abletoplaychess.◆22.toomany、toomuch和muchtoo的用法toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.◆23.have/hasbeento用法意思为：去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)have/hasbeenin/at在某地⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.⑶—Whereisyourbrother?—He_