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虚拟语气1）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。时间谓语动词的虚拟形式从句主句现在动词过去式（be多用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来动词过去式或should/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形Ⅰif条件句的虚拟语气1.与现在事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+v-ed,主语+would(might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveingoodtime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.与过去事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+hadv-ed,主语+would(或might,could,should)+havev-ed.Eg:Ifwehadhadtime,Wewouldhavedroppedby.IfIhadn’tbeentold,Iwouldn’thaveknownwhatthesewerefor.与将来事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+should(或wereto)v.,主语+Would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.Ifyouleavedthereforawhile,you'dchangeyourmindaboutthatplace.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.错综时间句的虚拟语气当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整.如:Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknowwhatwearedoingnow.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.1.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2.__________anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe3.__________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave4.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved5.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have6.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldhavesnowedC.snowD.willsnow7.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmakeC.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade8.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe1.useotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionalsWithoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenotair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)2.Inadverbialclausesintroducedbyevenif,asif,asthoughandifonlywecanuseunrealconditionals.即使生了病，他也去办公室。Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallywatchedit.虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish/ifonly现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewoulddo1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明下雨就好了。2）wishtodo表达法。wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadviceth