经鼻高流量氧疗对呼吸衰竭患者疗效的Meta分析

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·396·中华危重病急救医学2017年5月第29卷第5期ChinCritCareMed,May2017,Vol.29,No.5·论著·经鼻高流量氧疗对呼吸衰竭患者疗效的Meta分析730000,(、、),();730000,(、、、、);730000,,():,Email:zzg3444@163comDOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2017.05.003【摘要】目的系统评价经鼻高流量氧疗(HFNC)对呼吸衰竭(呼衰)患者的有效性。方法应用计算机检索美国国立医学图书馆PubMed数据库、荷兰医学文摘(Embase)、科学网(WebofScience)、Cochrane图书馆数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库2017年3月31日以前公开发表的关于HFNC对呼衰患者疗效的随机对照临床试验(RCT)或队列研究,并通过纳入文献的参考文献进行引证检索。对照组采用面罩氧疗(FM)或无创正压通气(NIPPV),试验组采用HFNC;主要结局指标包括气管插管率、舒适度,次要结局指标为住院病死率。纳入文献的质量由2名经过专业培训的循证医学研究人员完成,对符合质量标准的文献进行Meta分析,采用漏斗图进行各研究间的发表偏倚分析。结果共纳入17篇文献,其中RCT15篇,队列研究2篇;共3909例患者,HFNC组1907例,对照组2002例(FM1068例、NIPPV934例)。Meta分析结果显示,在降低呼衰患者气管插管率方面,HFNC较FM有明显的优势〔优势比(OR)=0.51,95%可信区间(95%CI)=0.29~0.89,P=0.02〕,而与NIPPV相比差异无统计学意义(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.54~1.17,P=0.25);两个亚组合并分析显示,与FM/NIPPV相比,HFNC在降低呼衰患者气管插管率方面有明显优势(合并OR=0.66,95%CI=0.47~0.94,P=0.02)。在患者舒适度方面,与FM相比,呼衰患者更容易接受HFNC〔标准化均数差(SMD)=-0.41,95%CI=-0.56~-0.26,P<0.00001〕。在住院病死率方面,HFNC与FM(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.55~1.24,P=0.35)或NIPPV(OR=0.66,95%CI=0.37~1.17,P=0.16)差异均无统计学意义;两个亚组合并分析后结果仍未发生改变(合并OR=0.75,95%CI=0.54~1.05,P=0.09)。漏斗图分析结果显示,纳入文献中有关气管插管率的研究存在发表偏倚;有关患者舒适度和住院病死率的研究发表偏倚较小。结论与FM相比,HFNC可降低呼衰患者气管插管率,但与NIPPV相比无明显差异;与FM相比,HFNC患者更舒适,更容易接受和耐受;但FM、NIPPV、HFNC对患者住院病死率的影响并无差异。【关键词】经鼻高流量氧疗;面罩吸氧;无创正压通气;呼吸衰竭;Meta分析基金项目:甘肃卫生行业科研计划项目(GSWSKY-2015-86)High-flownasalcannulaeoxygeninpatientswithrespiratoryfailure:aMeta-analysisYueWeigang,ZhangZhigang,ZhangCaiyun,YangLiping,HeJufang,HouYuying,TangYing,TianJinhuiDepartmentofCriticalCareMedicine,theFirstHospitalofLanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou730000,Gansu,China(YueWG,ZhangZG,YangLP);DepartmentofNursing,theFirstHospitalofLanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou730000,Gansu,China(ZhangCY);TheFirstClinicalMedicalCollegeofLanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou730000,Gansu,China(YueWG,YangLP,HeJF,HouYY,TangY);EvidenceBasedMedicineCenterofLanzhouUniversity,KeyLaboratoryofEvidenceBasedMedicineandClinicalTransformationofGansuProvince,Lanzhou730000,Gansu,China(TianJH)Correspondingauthor:ZhangZhigang,Email:zzg3444@163.com【Abstract】ObjectiveTosystematicallyevaluatetheefficacyofhigh-flownasalcannulaeoxygen(HFNC)inpatientswithrespiratoryfailure.MethodsComputerizedPubMed,Embase,WebofScience,theCochraneLibrary,CNKI,CBM,VIP,WanfangDatabaseuptoMarch31st,2017,allpublishedavailablerandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)orcohortstudiesaboutHFNCtherapyforpatientswithrespiratoryfailureweresearched.Thecontrolgroupwastreatedwithfacemaskoxygentherapy(FM)ornon-invasivepositivepressureventilation(NIPPV),whiletheexperimentalgroupwastreatedwithHFNC.Themainoutcomemeasurementsincludedendotrachealintubationrate,patientcomfort,andthesecondaryoutcomewasin-hospitalmortality.Thequalityoftheliteraturewascompletedbytwoprofessionallytrainedevidence-basedmedicalstudents,andmeta-analysiswasperformedonquality-compliantliterature.Funnelplotwasusedtoanalyzethepublicationbias.ResultsAtotalof17articleswereenrolledincluding15RCTsand2cohortstudies.Therewere3909patientsenrolled,1907patientsinHFNCgroup,and2002incontrolgroup(1068patientswithFM,and934withNIPPV).Meta-analysisshowedthatHFNChadasignificantadvantageoverFMinreducingthetrachealintubationrateofpatientswithrespiratoryfailure[oddsratio(OR)=0.51,95%confidenceinterval(95%CI)=0.29-0.89,P=0.02],buttherewasnosignificantdifferenceascomparedwiththatofNIPPV(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.54-·397·中华危重病急救医学2017年5月第29卷第5期ChinCritCareMed,May2017,Vol.29,No.51.17,P=0.25).ItwasshownbypooledanalysisoftwosubgroupsthatcomparedwithFM/NIPPV,HFNChadasignificantadvantageinreducingtrachealintubationrateinpatientswithrespiratoryfailure(pooledOR=0.66,95%CI=0.47-0.94,P=0.02).ComparedwithFM,patientswithrespiratoryfailureweremorelikelytoreceiveHFNCforcomfort[standardizedmeandifference(SMD)=-0.41,95%CI=-0.56to-0.26,P<0.00001].TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinhospitalmortalitybetweenHFNCandFM(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.55-1.24,P=0.35)orNIPPV(OR=0.66,95%CI=0.37-1.17,P=0.16).Theresultsofpooledanalysisoftwosubgroupswerestillunchanged(pooledOR=0.75,95%CI=0.54-1.05,P=0.09).Itwasshownbythefunnelanalysisthattherewasabiasinthestudyoftrachealintubationrateintheliterature,whilethebiasofpatientcomfortandhospitalmortalitywaslow.ConclusionsComparedwithFM,HFNCcouldreducetherateoftrachealintubationinpatientswithrespiratoryfailure,butnodifferencewasfoundascomparedwithNIPPV.ComparedwithFM,HFNCmadepatientsmorecomfortable,anditwaseasiertobeacceptedandtolerated.However,therewasnodifferenceinhospitalmortalityamongFM,NIPPV,andHFNC.【Keywords】High-flownasalcannulaeoxygen;Facemaskoxygen;Non-invasivepositivepressureventilation;Respiratoryfailure;MetaanalysisFundprogram:HealthProfessionResearchProjectofGansuProvince(GSWSKY-2015-86)经鼻高流量氧疗(HFNC)是指通过无需密闭的鼻导管直接将一定浓度的高流量空氧混合气体经过加温加湿输送给患者的一种新型无创通气氧疗方式[1]。HFNC最初应用于新生儿邻域[2],近年来在成人患者,尤其在重症加强治疗病房(ICU)应用广泛[3],主要针对急性呼吸衰竭(呼衰)[4]、急性肺水肿、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、围手术期患者,使HFNC在成人低氧血症患者中逐渐成为无创正压通气(NIPPV)之外的选择[5]。临床研究表明,HFNC可改善拔管后患者呼吸困难症状,降低拔管后低氧血症患者的再次插管率及病死率,且患者更易于接受和耐受[6];但也有学者认为,HFNC可延长患者气管插管时间,延误病情,反而增加患者病死率[7]。本研究将文献检索方向定位到国内外相关领域,应用Meta分析来评价HFNC对各种原因导致呼衰患者的疗效,以期为临床提供相应的参考依据。1资料与方法1.1纳入标准:①科研设计为随机对照临床试验(RCT)或队列研究;②研究对象年龄≥18岁,性别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