1分类号密级UCD编号博士后研究工作报告短暂性缺血性发作工作记忆障碍的脑机制成像研究卢洁工作完成日期2005年09月至2009年02月报告提交日期2009年02月北京师范大学二〇〇九年二月2中文题名短暂性缺血性发作工作记忆障碍的脑机制成像研究英文题名MRIStudyofWorkingMemoryImpairmentinPatientswithTIA博士后姓名卢洁流动站(一级学科)名称心理学专业(二级学科)名称基础心理学研究工作起始时间2005年09月研究工作期满时间2009年06月单位名称认知神经科学与学习研究所报告提交日期2009年06月III中文摘要短暂性脑缺血发作(transientischemicattack,TIA)是一种常见的脑血管病,可导致不同程度的认知障碍,尤其是工作记忆障碍,是血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病的重要危险因素,但目前产生工作记忆障碍的发病机制不明。本研究采用磁共振功能成像技术,包括磁共振脑功能成像包括氢质子波谱成像(1Hmagneticresonancespectroscopy,1H-MRS)、动脉血质子自旋标记(arterialspinlabeling,ASL)、血氧水平依赖(bloodoxygenleveldependent,BOLD)磁共振脑功能成像(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging,fMRI)揭示TIA患者工作记忆障碍的脑加工处理机制。本研究对TIA记忆障碍患者进行ASL、MRS检查,比较病变侧和对侧血流动力学和代谢差异;对工作记忆任务,分别是数字、图片记忆,采用fMRI研究TIA患者工作记忆编码和提取阶段的脑激活情况,与正常对照组进行比较,探讨其记忆障碍的脑加工机制。ASL和MRS结果显示TIA患者病变侧额颞顶叶存在血流灌注和代谢减低。数字和图片工作记忆任务的功能激活分别显示了各自的特异性神经机制。数字工作记忆脑功能存在左侧优势,左侧颈内动脉(internalcarotidartery,ICA)/大脑中动脉(middlecerebralartery,MCA)狭窄、闭塞的TIA患者数字编码期、提取期,脑激活明显少于正常对照组,提取期左侧半球优势消失,右侧半球出现代偿性激活。图片工作记忆脑激活也具有左侧优势,患者图片工作记忆的编码期、提取期脑激活均少于正常对照组。前额叶和顶叶皮层是工作记忆的重要脑区,但工作记忆是一个复杂的信息加工系统,需要脑内多个区域之间的相互协调才能完成任务。本研究利用多种MRI技术显示了TIA患者工作记忆障碍时,脑灌注、代谢以及脑激活和代偿方式,对阐明其记忆障碍的神经生理机制,有效预防痴呆有重要的临床意义。关键词:短暂性脑缺血发作;工作记忆;磁共振成像,功能4AbstractTransientischemicattack(TIA)isoneofthemostcommontypeofstroke.PatientswithTIAcanhavedifferentdegreeofcognitiveimpairment,especiallyworkingmemoryimpairment.TIAistheriskfactorofvasculardementia(VD)andAlzheimer’sdisease(AD).Butsofarthemechanismsofworkingmemoryimpairmentarestillnotclear.Inthisstudy,weperformed1Hmagneticresonancespectroscopy(1H-MRS),arterialspinlabeling(ASL)andbloodoxygenleveldependent(BOLD)MRIforinvestigatingthebrainmechanismofworkingmemoryimpairmentinpatientswithTIA.Wecomparedthedifferenceofcerebralbloodflow(CBV)andmetabolismbetweentheinvovledandcontralateralbrainininpatientswithTIA.Inaddition,workingmemorytasks(digitalandpicture)weredesignedtoexplorecognitivemodelsandfeaturesofinformationencodingandretrievalusingBOLD-fMRIinTIApatientswithleftinternalcarotidartery(ICA)/middlecerebralartery(MCA)stenosisorocclusion.TheresultsofALSandMRSdemonstratedCBFandmetabolismdecreaseofthefrontal,temporalandparietallobesintheinvolvedbrain.Digitalandpictureworkingmemoryhadtheirspecificneuralmechanismsrespectively.InTIApatientswithleftICA/MCAstenosisorocclusion,digitandpictureworkingmemorywerelefthemispheredominant.Buttheavtivatedbrainregionswerelessthanthenormalsubjectsandthecompensatoryactivationswereshowedduringretrievalphase.Theleftfrontalandparietalcortexweretheimportantregionsfortheprocessingofworkingmemory.Workingmemorywasacomplicatedinformationprocessingsystem,severalbrainregionsworktogetherforperformingthetask.Inconclusion,thepresentstudyfoundthatTIApatientshadCBFandmetabolismabnormal.Thisstudyfurtherrevealedtheneuro-physiologicalmecahnismsofworkingmemoryinTIApatientswithleftICA/MCAstenosisorocclusion.Thesefindingswillplayimportantrolesforpreventingvasculardementia.KeyWords:transientischemicattack;workingmemory;magneticresonanceimaging,functiona1目录摘要..........................................................................................................................ΙABSTRACT...........................................................................................................Ⅱ1引言......................................................................................................................32文献综述.............................................................................................................53问题提出与研究假设........................................................................................124实验研究...........................................................................................................144.1研究一TIA患者工作记忆的行为心理学测试........................................144.1.1实验方法..........................................................................................144.1.2实验结果..........................................................................................164.1.3讨论..................................................................................................174.2研究二TIA患者的ASL和MRS研究....................................................184.2.1实验方法............................................................................................184.2.2实验结果............................................................................................194.2.3讨论....................................................................................................214.3研究三TIA患者工作记忆的FMRI研究................................................224.3.1实验方法............................................................................................224.3.2实验结果............................................................................................244.3.3讨论....................................................................................................285综合讨论...........................................................................................................356总结..........................................................................................................