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BR-mainBeforeReading1.EnjoytheSong--IAmWomanListentotheSongQuestionsandAnswers2.BackgroundInformationFeminismTheBrooklynBridgeOklahomaTheUniversityofOklahomaU.S.DegreesJohnMiltonBR1.1ListentotheSongII■BR1.2.1QuestionsandAnswers1.Whycan’twomenbeignored?Becauseofthehugenumberofthem.2.DoesthesingerofthissongagreewithMaoZedongthatwomenholduphalfthesky?Yes.Hereshegivesusthevoiceofwomen,whichisasloudandbraveastheroarofalion.Shesingsofhowsheisdeterminednottogobacktoplayingatraditionalwoman’sroleandpretendingtolikeit.Anditisnogoodtryingtopersuadeherotherwise,forshehasheardalltheoldargumentstoooften.AndIknowtoomuchtogobackandpretend’CauseI’vehearditallbeforeBR1.2.2QuestionsandAnswers3.Whathappenedinthepast?Womenwerehelddowninthepast.AndI’vebeendownthereonthefloorButnooneisgoingtoholdthembackanylonger.Noone’severgonnakeepmedownagain4.Whathappenstowomenifyoutrytobreaktheirwill?Youcanbendthembutyouneverbreakthem.Itonlyservestomakethemmoredeterminedtoachievetheirfinalgoal.Theirsufferingandstrugglehasmadethemwiseandstrong.Youcanbendbutneverbreakme’CauseitonlyservestomakemeMoredeterminedBR1.2.3QuestionsandAnswers5.Whatisthecurrentsituationofwomen’sliberation?Womenaresupportingoneanother,standingsidebyside,“toetotoe”,buttheystillhavealongwaytogo.Theyareonlyintheearlystagesoftheirstruggletogetwhattheywantandtogetmentochangetheirideas.ButI’mstillanembryoWithalong,longwaytogoUntilImakemybrotherunderstandBR2.1FeminismInthe1960sfeminism(=thebeliefthatwomenandmenareequalinabilitiesandshouldhaveequalrightsandopportunities)becamethesubjectofintensedebatewhenthewomen’sliberationmovementencouragedwomentorejecttheirtraditionalsupportingroleandtodemandequalstatusandequalrightswithmeninareassuchasemploymentandpay.Sincethenthegendergapbetweenthesexeshasbeenreduced.However,thebattlebetweenfeministandtraditionalviewsofawoman’srolecontinues.Itiswidelyacceptedbyyoungerpeoplethatwomenshould,iftheywish,beallowedtodeveloptheircareersandnotgiveupworkwhentheyhaveafamily.II■BR2.1-1FeminismhasbroughtaboutmanychangesintheEnglishlanguage.Manywordsforjobtitlesthatincluded“man”havebeenreplaced,forexample“policeofficer”isusedinsteadof“policeman”and“chairperson”for“chairman”.“He”isnowrarelyusedtorefertoapersonwhenthepersoncouldbeeitheramanorawoman.Thetitle“Ms”isusedforwomeninsteadof“Miss”or“Mrs”,sinceitdoesnotshowwhetherawomanismarriedornot.BR2.1-11BR2.1-22BR2.1-23BR2.1.24BR2.2TheBrooklynBridgeBR2.2.1TheBrooklynBridge,builtin1883,spanstheEastRiverinNewYorkCity.ThebridgeconnectsthedenselypopulatedboroughsofBrooklynandManhattan.ThebridgewasdesignedbytheAmericanengineerJohnAugustusRoebling,andconstructionwasbegunin1869byhissonWashingtonAugustusRoebling.WhentheBrooklynBridgewasopenedforuseonMay24,1883,itwasthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.Themainsuspensionspanis486m(1595ft)long;theaverageheightabovetheriveris41m(133ft);andtheoveralllengthis2065m(6775ft).NumeroustechniquesdevisedbyRoeblingmadethisbridgepossible,includingtheuseofcaissons(watertightchambers)forbuildingthebridge’sstonetowersandofsteelwireforthecables.Toallowtall-mastedsailingshipstopassunderII■BR2.2.2bridge,Roeblingpositionedtheroaddeck36.6m(120ft)abovethewater.Stonetowers,whichrosetoaheightof84.3m(276.5ft),madethishighroadwaypossibleandmadethebridgethetalleststructureinNewYorkatitscompletion.Thespanfromtowertotowerofjustover486m(1,595ft)andthespanbetweencableanchorsof1,054m(3,456ft)constitutedaremarkableachievement.TheBrooklynBridgeinNewYorkCityperhapsbestdemonstratesthescaleofbuildingmadepossiblebytherapidexpansionofAmericanindustryandbyAmericanambition.TheexpressionsellingtheBrooklynBridgetosomebodymeanstrickingsomebodyinadeal.BR2.2-tu1BR2.2-tu2BR2.2-tu-3BR2.3.1GeographicalLocationItisinthewesternareaofthesouthcentralUnitedStatesandborderedbyColoradoandKansasonthenorthandMissouriandArkansasontheeast.SouthandwestofOklahomaisTexas,andonthewesternedgeofOklahoma’sPanhandleliesNewMexico.II■BR2.3.11BR2.3.2ALandofGreatDiversityItisatransitionalstatebothphysicallyandculturally.Itvariesfromthewoodedmountainsofthemorehumideasttothesparseanddrycountryofthewesternplains.ThechanginglandscapeofOklahomaisreflectedinitseconomicactivities,whichrangefromtheraisingofwheatinwesternandcentralareastothelumberingthatiscarriedonintheOuachitaMountainsinthesoutheasternpartofthestate.II■BR2.3.3TheOriginofItsNameThenameOklahomawasderivedbycombiningtheChoctawwordsfor“red”and“people”.Partofthestate’sareahadbeenoriginallyputasideforsettlementofNativeAmericansandwasknownasIndianTerritory.Theothersectionofthestate,OklahomaTerritory,wasgraduallyopenedforwhitesettlementtowardtheendofthe19thcentury.Oklahomaearneditsnickname,theSoonerState,fromthefactthatsomeland-hungrysettlers,knownastheSooners,jumpedthestartinggunthatwastoopenonesectionoftheterritorytosettlersandrushedintotakelandbeforetheywerelegallyentitledtodoso.II■BR2.3.4PoliticalpositionOklahomawasadmittedtotheUniononNovember16,1907,asthe46thstate.ResultingfromthecombinationofIndianandOklahomaterritories,thestateretainsmarkedfeaturesofitsNativeAmericanheritageinthema