周定语从句及相关练习

定语从句一、有关的几个概念：（一）定语从句：一种形容词性从句。其作用相当于形容词，用来修饰句中的名词和代词。（二）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。（三）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词有两种：关系代词、关系副词。二、关系代词和关系副词：（一）关系代词：who/whom/whose/that/which/as等。1.关系代词在定语从句中的作用：1)引导定语从句；2)代指先行词的意思；3)在定语从句中做主语或宾语（whose例外，在句中做定语）。e.g.1)He’sthemanwho/thathelpedmeyesterday.2)He’sthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.3)He’sthemanwhosebookwaslostyesterday.2.关系代词的具体用法：1)who:代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语；2)whom:代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中充当宾语；3)that:代替指人或指物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语；4)which:代替指物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语；5)whose:代替指人或指物的先行词，在意义上，相当于一个名词所有格（即先行词’s）若用来指物，可以同ofwhich互换。e.g.a.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.b.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.thecoverofwhichofwhichthecover用关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose填空:1.Thestudents______broketheschoolruleswerepunished.2.Therearemanypeople_____areplantingtreesoverthere.3.Thebook______IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotter.who/thatwho/thatthat/which4.Thetomatoes_________wereonthetableweretakenawaybyTom.5.Thedoctor_______________thenurseistalkingtowillleaveforAfricanextweek.6.Thehouse_____roof(房顶)wasbrokenhasbeenrepaired.which/thatwhom/who/thatwhose6)as:两种用法：a.引导非限制性定语从句。指代整个主句的内容；其位置：位于句首、句中均可；在从句中，as充当主语或宾语。e.g.Asisknowntoall,Einsteinis….Asweallknow,….b.用在thesame…as…;such/so…as…中，代指先行词的意思；在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。e.g.1)I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyou(bought).2)Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseverybodywantstoread.3)Thisissointerestingabookaseverybodywantstoread.注意：1.区分：thesame…as…:as为关系代词，引导定语从句，指同一类事物thesame…that…:that为关系代词，引导定语从句，指同一件事物｛e.g.1)YouhavethesamepenasI(have/do).你有一支和我的钢笔一样的钢笔。2)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。2.区分：such/so…as…:as为关系代词，引导定语从句；在定语从句中做主语或宾语。such/so…that…:that引导结果状语从句，只起到引导作用，在从句中不做任何成分｛e.g.1)Thepandaissucharareanimalasweshouldprotect.熊猫是我们应该保护的如此稀有的动物。2)Thepandaissucharareanimalthatweshouldprotectit.熊猫是如此稀有的动物，所以我们应该保护它。3)Thestoneissuchabigoneascan’tbelifted.3.当关系代词who/whom/that/which在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。4.theway做先行词，其后面引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式，即：thatthewayinwhich/e.g.Thisisthewaythat/inwhich//IlearnEnglish.｛完成下列such…that/so…that/such…as句型:1.Friendshipissuchavaluablething____weshouldtreasure(珍惜)forever.2.Friendshipissuchavaluablething____weshouldtreasureitforever.asthat3.It’ssuchafinepicture_____hasbeensoldoutatasurprisingprice.4.It’ssuchafinepicture____ithasbeensoldoutatasurprisingprice.asthat(二)关系副词：when/where/why等1.在定语从句中的作用：1)引导定语从句；2)在定语从句中做状语e.g.a.ThisisthehousewhereIoncelivedtwoyearsago.b.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinthecountryside.c.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyMarywaslateforclass.2.关系副词在定语从句中使用的条件：1）定语从句中，主、谓、宾或者主、系、表结构完整（即定语从句为一个完整的句子）时；2）或者，定语从句中的动词为不及物动词，而且后面没有介词时；3）或者，定语从句中的语态为被动语态此时，表示时间为when;地点用where;原因用why.(例子见上)比较that,which,when,where,why填空:1)Thisistheplace_________Ioncevisitedlastyear.Thisistheplace_______Ioncelivedlastyear.Thisistheplace__________Ioncelivedinlastyear.which/thatwherewhich/that2)I’llrememberthedays_______wespentinParis.I’llrememberthedays____IvisitedParis.I’llremembertheday_____Iwaspraisedforthefirsttime.which/thatwhenwhen3)That’sthereason______Tomwasscoldedbytheteacher.That’sthereason________Tomgaveforhisbeinglateforclass.whythat/which（三）注意：1.定语从句中的介词可前置到关系代词前面,但介词前置后，指物的关系代词只能用which;指人的关系代词，只能用whom.介词前置的非限制性定语从句举例:1)Thepen,____whichhewaswriting,wasbroken.2)Herbag,_____whichsheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.3)ThestoriesaboutLeiFeng,___whichthisisoneexample,areverymoving.withinof4)TheoldOlympicgames,____whichthemodernOlympicgamescame,beganmanyyearsagoinGreece.5)Theadvancedworkers,___whomTomisone,willgoonatournextweek.fromof2.关系代词只用that的几种情况：1)先行词为不定代词，如：anything,nothing,everything,something,theone,all,much,few,little,any等时，定语从句只能用that引导。e.g.a.Allthatisneededisoil.(that代指all,做主语，不能省略)b.Therewasnothing(that)wecoulddoforhim.c.Hehasdonemuchthatisgoodforus.2)先行词用theonly,thevery,justthe,no,all等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。e.g.a.Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.b.Thisisjustthebook/theverybook(that)Ihavebeenlookingfor.c.Thesearealltheproblemsthathavebeensolved.d.Thisistheonlyoneofthegoodfilmsthathasbeenshownrecently.Thisisoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.3)先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导.e.g.a.Thisisthebiggestlabthathasbeenbuiltinourcountry.b.Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestohisoffice.4)先行词既有人，又有物时，定语从句只能用that引导。e.g.Hetalksaboutthethingsandpersonsthatinterestedhim.5)当先行词指人的职业、身份时，定语从句只能用that引导e.g.Hewillbecomeadoctorthathisfatherwantshimtobe.6)为了避免上下文重复e.g.Whichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary?3.不用that的情况：1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句2)介词后面不能用that三、定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句：是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它，主句的意思会表达不明确、不完整；它与主句之间不能用逗号隔开。e.g.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思；它与主句之间要用逗号隔开e.g.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.非限制性定语从句举例：1)Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isveryexciting.2)Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.3)Shemadegreatprogress,whichmadeussurprised.4)Hisyoungsister,whois18yearsold,isacollegestudent.5)I,whoamyourgoodfriend,liketogowithyou.6)Mr.Green,whosedaughterisanengineer,willcometovisitourschool.7)Thebird,whosewingshavebeenbroken,can’tflyanymore.8)You’llhav