人脸识别技术及其应用

中南民族大学硕士学位论文人脸识别技术及其应用姓名：王娟申请学位级别：硕士专业：计算机应用技术指导教师：汪红20090522I(l)2PCALDAFisherKPCA3SVM(4):PCAKPCAIIAbstractFacerecognitiontechnologyisbasedonbiometricidentificationmethodssuchasfingerprintrecognitionandidentificationofthetraditionalmethods,withreal-time,accurateandnon-intrusive,suchasfeatures,makingiteasierforpeopletoaccept,thefacerecognitiontechnologyinmanyfieldsandhaveextensiveapplications.FaceRecognitionTechnologyFacefeatureextractionandpatternrecognitioninrecentyearsbasedonthebiologicalcharacteristicsofoneofthehotspots.Inthispaper,tobuildadynamicfacerecognitionsystemtoproceedtodiscusstheentireprocessofbuildingaworkofthevarioussectorsofthetechnologyrequired,thealgorithmwasintroducedandstudied.Includingthroughmulti-mediaequipmenttoobtainvideostream.Detectioninfaceimages,faceimagesofpeopleafterpretreatmentfacialfeaturesinadvance,thefinalclassificationmodel.Madethewholeprocessworkasfollows:(l)firstproposedafacedetectionandtheimportanceofpretreatmentontheconcentrationofimagepre-processingmethods,includingscalenormalized,normalizedgray-scale,histogramequalization,andtheuseofwaveletanalysistofilteroutpeoplefaceofthelow-frequencypartofthepicture.(2)describedindetailbasedonstatisticalcharacteristicsofthethreefeatureextractionmethods,namely,PCA(principalcomponentanalysis)LDA(Fisherfacemethod)KPCA(KernelPrincipalComponentAnalysis).(3)Introducedasupportvectormachinemethod,discussedhowtoobtainabetterkernelfunction,andintroducedthesupportvectormachinehowtouseSVMmulticlassclassificationproblemtosolve.(4)Inthispaper,thesystemprocesses,methodsandspecificalgorithmstobuildacamerarecordedimagesofthedynamicfacerecognitionsystem.Testanumberofpointofview,avarietyofobstacles,avarietyofexpressionconditionssuchasinterferencewiththeoutsideworldunderavarietyofalgorithmstoidentifytheaccuracyandefficiency,andexperimentalresultsaresummarizedandconcluded.Keywords:FaceDetection;FaceRecognition;PCA;KPCA;SupportVectorMachine1______2111.1[1][2]2KPCA1.2[3]1.31.3.1396%3%1.1[4]1.3.24[5][6]1.11.1[7]1.21.251.4(l)2PCALDAFisherKPCAKPCAPCAPCAKPCALDAPCAKPCA3SVM:12345622.1[8][9][10][11][12,13](l)(2)D(x,y)k),(yxfkk+1),(1yxfk+7=),(yxD−+othersTyxfyxfifkk0),(),(11(2-1)T01),(yxD=−−+−othersTyxfyxfTandyxfyxfifkkkk0),(),(),(),(111(2-2)2.22.2.1RGB[14,15]PCARGB2-3)()(BGRBGR=BGRGray×+×+×=11.059.030.0(2-3)1.QPyxF×)],([WidthHeightPQHWyxG×)],([W=92H=112(ORL)),(),(yxryrxFyxG=(2-4)xyxryrxr=HQWPry=8xrxyryF(xrx,yry)),(yx1,0,00∆∆≤∆+=∆+=yxyyxxyryxrx(2-5)x0y0:−=∆=−=∆=,],[],[0000yryryyxrxrxxyyyxxx)1)(1)(1,1()1()1,()1)(,1(),(),(),(0000000000yxyxyxyxyxyxFyxFyxFyxFyxFyxG∆−∆−+++∆−∆++∆∆−++∆∆=∆+∆+=(2-6)2.2.12.12.292.2kNk1,2,1,)(]1,0[)(00−===∈∑∑==GLkipNNEkHkikik(2-5)kNkN∑∑====kikikipNNkH00)()((2-6)H(k)∈E[0,1]H(k)[0,1]M0v0ijN0(i,j)N((i,j)vM[]vM-j)(i,N000=[]vM-j)N(i,2(2-7)N0(i,j)=M0+vMjiNv/)),((20−N(i,j)≥M(2-8)N0(i,j)=M0-vMjiNv/)),((20−N(i,j)M(2-9)102.3“”0“”,[16],[17]2.32.42.32.4LL11[18]2.4123[19]PCALDAPCAKPCAPCAPCA[20]3.1PCAX1X2…Xp,(principalcomponentanalysis)“”“”3.1.1X1X2…XpS1S2…Sp(1)C1=a11x1+a12x2+…+a1pxpVar(C1)C113(2)C2=a21x1+a22x2+…+a2pxp(a21a22…a2p)(a11a12…a1p)Var(C2)C2(3)…p3.1.2C1C2…Cp(1)ijCiCjCorr(CiCj)=0i≠j(2)(ai1ai2…aip)(3)Var(C1)≥Var(C2)≥…≥Var(Cp)(4)Var(C1)+Var(C2)+…+Var(Cp)=Var(x1)+Var(x2)+…+Var(xp)=p(5)Corr(Cixj)=aij=aij(6)X1X2…XpR,(ai1ai2…aip)Ri(eigenvector)iλiVar(Ci)=liiλRi(eigenvalue)0...21≥≥≥≥pλλλ3.1.3ppC1C2,CpCp-1,()“”()()14PCAK-LK-L[2223]XnnX∑==niiiX1φα(3-1)αφααααφφφΦ==TnnX),...,,)(,...,,(2121(3-2)),...,,(21nφφφ=ΦTn),...,,(21αααα=(3-3)=ΦΦjTi01iji≠=j(3-4)ΦΦΦTΦ=I(3-5)(3-2)ΦT:α=ΦTX(3-6)α=TiΦX(3-7)αα{jΦ}R=E[]XXT(3-8)(3-2)(3-8)R=E[]XXT=E[]TTΦΦαα=ΦE[]XXTΦT(3-9)α:E[]kjαα=≠=ijijj0λ(3-10)15:nλλLMOML001=Λ(3-11)R=ΦΛΦT(3-12)ΦRΦ=ΦΛΦTΦ(3-13)ΦRΦ=ΦΛ(3-14)RjΦ=ΛjjΦ(j=1,2,…,n)(3-15)λiXRjΦRnn*nR(0)R(1)R(2)R(N)R(m)=[x(n)*x(n+m)]/nm=0,1,2,....,nR1=zeros(m,m);r=zeros(m,1);formm=1:mforn1=(mm+1):mr(mm)=r(mm)+Z(n1)*conj(Z(n1-mm))/m;endendforl1=1:mforl2=l1:mR1(l1,l2)=r(l2-l1+1);endend16forl3=2:mforl4=1:l3-1R1(l3,l4)=conj(r(l3-l4+1));endend3.2LDA3.2.1LDALDAFisherPCAPCAPCANFFXnc:cωωω,,,21LniSt()bSwS:Sb=∑=−−c1T00))()((iiiimmmmPω(3-16)Sw={}iiiiimmXEPωω/)X)(()(c1T∑=−−(3-17)St=Sb+Sw=E{}T00)X)((mmX−−=∑−−−N1T00)X)((immX(3-18)P(iω)=ni/Niim=E{X/iω}i0m=E{X}=∑−m1iP(iω)im17Fisher(19)Fisher(20):Jf(ϕ)=ϕϕϕϕwTbTSS(3-19)J(ϕ)=ϕϕϕϕtTbTSS(3-20)ϕnSwWoptFisher:Wopt=maxarg=WSWWSWwTbT[]n(3-21)WoptSbWt=λtwWS(i=,2,,m)(3-22)S1−wSbλi3.2.2PCA+LDAPCAij),...,2,1;,...,2,1(CiSjpij==SCµiµ:iiixxXXXxµ−=∈∈∀,,(3-23):µµµ−=iiˆ(3-24)PCAUUiTiUµµˆ=(3-25)18LDA:(1)BSwSi:∑∈=iXxTixxS(3-26)∑==CiiwSS1∑==CiTiiiBPS1~~µµ(3-27)(2)BSwSΛVVSVSwBλ=(3-28)(3)C-1PCALDA(4)UFisherW3.3PCA3.3.1PCAPCAKPCAPCAPCA:1911,2(,,...)nXxxx=2((,)),1,2...ijijijKkxxijn==(3-29)∑∑∑−−−+−−=NmnnjmnimNnnjinNmmjimijijIKINIKMKINKK1211111(3-30)3ijKjλjv41,1,2,...kjjvjnα==λ(3-31)5∑=•=Φ•=NiikinnxxkxVxkPC1)())(()()(α(3-32)clearall;closeall;t=0;Variances=0.040;k=0;h=0;Vsum=0;fori=1:1:100t=t+0.01;x(i,1)=t;x(i,2)=t^2-3*t;x(i,3)=-t^3+3*t^2;endrandn('seed',0);20e=[0.1*randn(100,1),0.1*randn(100,1),0.1*randn(100,1)];xe=x+e