定语从句与宾语从句的区别

高中英语之两大从句区别定语从句与宾语从句•学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。1.连接词连接词一般都是that(指事或人),which（指事）,who（指人）1.1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。1.2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。1.3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他2.判断时态情况：1.1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。1.2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。•定语从句：关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。(一）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.•3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.•（二）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.cityinwhich./whereIwasborn.•（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句：不用逗号和主句隔开；是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除；翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”；在关系词的使用上，做宾语时可省略、可用that、可用who代替whom。2.非限制性定语从句：用逗号和主句隔开；是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整；通常翻译成主句的并列句；在关系词的使用上，不可省、不用that、不用who代替whom。限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.•1．Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo．（NMET2001）A．howB．afterC．whatD．When•2.Heasked____foraviolin（MET1992）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid•3.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon．（上海2001年春季招生）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why•4．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever•5.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who•6.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where•7.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)A.whenB.howC.whereD.what•8．Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother，doesitmatter____itwas？（2001春季招生）A．whereB．whatC．howD．Which9.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)A、ifB、howC、whatD、that•10.____________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What•11.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,____________wastrue.(2001北京春季)•A.heB.thisC.whichD.who•12.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____________triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.(2002春季)•A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who•13.Isthisthereason______________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(2002上海春季)•A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained•C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained•14.Icanthinkofmanycases_____________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.(2003上海)•A.whyB.whichC.asD.where•15.York,_____________lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(03北京)•A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisited•C.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited•16.TheEnglishplay_____________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(2004)•A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich•17.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____________thesailingtimewas226days.(2004)•A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich•18.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____________hesaidit.(2004湖北).•A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich•19.Iworkinabusiness______________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004湖南).•A.howB.whichC.whereD.that•20.Anyway,thatevening,____________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(2004浙江)•A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which•21.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,________,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.(04天津)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which•22.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.•A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive•C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive•23.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.•A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong•C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong•24.Goandgetyourcoat．It's____youleftit．•A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere•25.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.•A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho•26.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.•A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere•C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited•27.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.（06重庆）•A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich•28.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter_________isalwaysbusyattheweekend.（06上海春季）•A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which•29.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.•A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when•30.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______