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定语从句用法精讲新东方英语组梁艳芬2011-3-15Whatwewilllearntoday?1.高中掌握的从句有哪些？2.什么是定语从句？3.定语从句的引导词是什么？4.怎么区分关系代词和关系副词？5.只能用that是什么情况？6.只能用which是什么情况？7.介词+关系代词的介词怎么选择？8.Whose和ofwhich怎么转化？9.theway做先行词的特殊情况？10.定语从句与其它易混句型定语从句与其它易混句型一.高中阶段的从句1.形容词性从句----定语从句2.名词性从句----主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。3.副词性从句----（状语从句9）时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句，方式状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句。二.什么是定语从句？1.具有形容词的作用，对名词或代词起修饰或限定作用的句子,或者做定语的句子叫定语从句(形容词作定语，对名词或代词起修饰或限制作用）Lindaisagirl.Sheisbeautiful.Lindaisabeautifulgirl.Lindaisagirlwhoisbeautiful.定语从句的句子结构是什么？先行词+关联词+从句先行词：位于从句前，被从句修饰或限制，由名词或者代词担当。关联词：关联先行词和从句之间关系的词，代指先行词在从句中担当句子结构。关系代词：thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词：whenwherewhyThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后句子结构：基本二种句型主语+谓语+宾语S+Vt.+OS+Vi.S+Vi.+prep.+O主语+系词+表语S+LV.+Pred.主干：主语+谓语+（介词）+宾语主语+系词+表语修饰：定语状语补语同位语（adj.)(adv.)Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况；代表整个句子内容thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)作定语1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:all,anything,everythingnothing,much,few,little,none,theone,等只能用that做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,(little,few,no,any，every)等修饰时3.当先行词既有指人、又有指物的名词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5.当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时。6.关系代词在从句中作表语时。1.在非限制性定语从句中；逗号前事情或词，从句中做主宾只能用which做关系代词的情况主宾2.在介词后面做宾语；指物或情况。限制性定语从句：从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，关系密切不可省略，否则意义结构不完整。非限定从：从句对先行词起解释说明作用，不密切，去掉不影响主句意义结构，逗号隔Hehastwosonswhoworkinthefactory.限制Hehastwosons,whoworkinthefactory.非限Completethefollowingsentenceswith“that”or“which”.1.Thisisthe2ndarticle____IhavewritteninEnglish.2.Itisthebestfilm_____hehaseverseen.3.Thisistheverybook_____Iwanttoread.4.All____theytoldmesurprisedme.5.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschools_____theyhadvisited.thatthatthatthatthat6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeencleanedatleastayear.7.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.8.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,through_______hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse.whichwhichwhich1.which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;2.as一般代替整个句子,从句可以放句首,句中或句尾,表示“正如、或像…一样,在从句中做主宾。例如：asoftenhappens,asisknown,asissaid,asisoftenthecase,aseveryoneknows,asyoucansee,asweplanned,asweexpected,…Asisknowntous,theearthgoesaroundthesun.Theearthgoesaroundthesun,whichisknowntous.as与which的区别当先行词被thesame修饰时，关系代词可用that,也可用as,但意义不同：1.Thisisthesamebook(thatIlentyouyesterday).2.Thisisthesamebook(asIlentyouyesterday).当先行词前有as,so,such,thesame修饰时,关系代词常用as构成as…as;so…as;such…as;thesame…as固定搭配。Thisissogoodabookthatwealllikeit.Thisissogoodabookaswealllike.ThisisasgoodabookasIhave.•such…as与such…thatThisis_____aheavybox(____Ican’tcarryit）.Thisis_____aheavybox（____Ican’tcarry）.suchthatsuchas结果状语从句定语从句who在从句中作主语,whom做宾语，用于介词后。Who可以代替whom做宾语，但whom不可以代替who做主语。Whose指物时，可以与ofwhich等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+名词Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichofwhichthecoverwhosecoverisblue.whose用来指人“…..的”That’sthepainterwhoseworksarehighlyregarded.PracticeFillintheblankswithrelatives:1)Hestilllivesinthehouse______windowfacestothesouth.2)Hestilllivesinthehouse_______thewindowfacestothesouth.3)Hestilllivesinthehouseand___windowfacestothenorth.4)Hestilllivesinthehouse____________isinthenorthofthecity.whoseofwhichthat/whichits5)Hestilllivesinthehouse______hewasborn.6)Isthishouse_________hevisitedlastyear?7)Isthishouse________hewasborn?8)Isitinthishouse______hewasborn?9)Isthisthehouse_________hevisitedlastyear?10)Isthisthehouse________hewasborn?wheretheonewhere/theonewherethat建议：仔细审题，找到突破口。that/whichwhere/inwhich总结规律，做题原则：首先划分从句句子结构:•a主干不齐全，缺主、宾、表用关系代词that,which,whom,who,as等•b主干齐全，考虑关系副词,where、when,why和定语whose，根据句意逻辑关系判断。高考定语从句考查点：一.关系代词与关系副词的区别二.介词+关系代词三.as与which的区别四.定语从句与其它易混句型一.关系代词与关系副词的区别1).a.Thereason_______hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.b.Thereason_____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2).a.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.b.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogether.why(which/that)when(which/that)1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason________________hewaslate6.Thisisthereason________________hegave.when/inwhichwhich/thatwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词关系代词?关系副词?1).Thisisthereason________________helefthishometown.2).I’llneverforgettheday_______________westayedtogether3).Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.4).Thisisthegirl_____istakengoodcare___inthehospital.5).I’llshowyouastore_______________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.6).Idon’tliketheway_____________youlaughedather.forwhich/whyonwhich/whenfromwhomofinwhich/whereinwhich/thatwho二.介词与关系代词()结论:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际和逻辑来判断.介词+关系代词在定语从句中相当于关系副词，做状语。难点一：theway用做先行词在从句中作状语：•有三种情况：•a.在比较正式文体中用inwhich引导；•b.一般用that,•c.Inwhich和that省略ItwasclearthatthespeakernowtrustedTomfromthewayinwhichthesewordswereused.填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentenceto