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动词动词•动词(Verbs)是最复杂的一种词类。它既可以表示动作，又可以表示状态；它有人称和数的变化，而且必须与主语的人称和数保持一致；它还有一些特有的语法特征，如时态，语态和语气。•动词可分为五类：及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。•常考动词的词义与搭配I.动词的基本形式•动词原形VerbStem•一般现在时第三人称单数形式ThirdPersonSingularPresentTenseForm•过去式PastTenseForm•过去分词PastParticiple•现在分词PresentParticiple一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成情况例词一般在动词原形后加-shelp-helps,read-reads,get-gets以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词后加-espass-passes,mix-mixes,go-goes,finish-finishes以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-esfly-flies,study-studies,try-tries过去式和过去分词的构成情况例词一般在动词原形后加-edwork-worked,play-played以-e结尾的词后加-dlike-liked,change-changed以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-edcry-cried,copy-copied,study-studied以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，须双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped,fit-fitted,permit-permitted一些以-r结尾且末音节又重读的词，须双写r，再加-edprefer-preferred现在分词的构成情况例词一般在动词原形后直接加-inggo-going,study-studying以不发音的-e结尾的词，去-e加-inglive-living,move-moving以-ie结尾的词，变-ie为-y，再加-ingdie-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，须双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-ingplan-planning,get-gettingbegin-beginning一些以-r结尾且末音节又重读的词，须双写r，再加-ingrefer-referringII.动词的分类•及物动词•不及物动词•系动词(be,become,get,go,seem,smell,turn,stay等)•助动词时态助动词(be,have,will/would,shall/should)do助动词•情态动词a.及物动词(TransitiveVerbs)•及物动词后要接宾语，这类动词很多，常见的有：avoid,buy,catch,cut,describe,discuss,enjoy,exchange,expect,get,give,have,lack,love,make,need,protect,recommend,record,provide,risk,support,trust,upset,want,welcome等。1.接双宾语的及物动词有些及物动词可以接双宾语，常见的这类动词有：bring,buy,choose,do,get,give,hand,find,keep,order,pass,pay,promise,read,return,same,sell,show,sing,teach,tell,wish等。例：Suchanarrangementwillsaveusalotoftrouble.（08徽）---Areyouhappywithyournewcomputer?---No,itis______mealotoftrouble.A.showingB.leavingC.givingD.sparingC2.接复合宾语的及物动词有些及物动词可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），常见的这类动词有：ask,call,believe,consider,choose,elect,hear,have,imagine,think,get,find,feel,keep,leave,make,name,prove,push,order,teach,tell,wish等。例：Hekeptusalive.他使我们活了下来。3.与名词搭配表示一次动作的及物动词have,give,take,make等少数及物动词常和许多名词搭配，表示一次动作。动词与之搭配的名词haveabath/achat/aconversation/adream/adrink/alook/arest/asleep/aswim/atalk/atry/awalkgiveanaccount/ananswer/acry/aglance/akiss/alecture/apush/asummary/atalk/awarningb.不及物动词(IntransitiveVerbs)不及物动词后不接宾语，常见的不及物动词有：ache,appear,belong,come,cough,crawl,cry,die,disappear,exist,fall,flow,glide,go,happen,hesitate,kneel,laugh,lie,live,pause,sigh,sit,smile,sneeze,swim,travel,weep等。例：Willlookedaroundcarefully.1.接同源宾语的不及物动词可接同源宾语的不及物动词有：live,laugh,smile,sleep,die,dream等；同源宾语前往往有定语修饰。例：Idreamedastrangedreamlastnight.LikeHuck,MarkTwainlivedanadventurouslife.2.与介词搭配组成短语动词的不及物动词有些不及物动词可与介词搭配组成短语动词(PhrasalVerbs)，相当于及物动词，其后接宾语。例：Hekeptonsayingreallymeanthingstohurtme.IlistenedtomusicbeforeIcouldspeak.Tips有些动词与介词或副词搭配构成短语动词，表达一个概念，其作用相当于一个单独的动词。例：arriveat=reachcallon=visitcomeabout=happencarefor=likegoup=risekeepon=promisemakefor=understandputoff=postponeringup=telephone3.容易混淆的不及物动词和及物动词•lie与layYourbookislyingonthedesk.Ilaidyourbookonthedesk.•rise与raiseTheteacher’svoicerose.Theteacherraisedhisvoice.•sit与seatPleasesitdown.Pleasebeseated.Tips英语中有很多动词兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如meet,move,hurt,pass,run,remember,answer,write等。词义有的不变，有的会有所不同。例如：ShecanwritepoemsinEnglish.Shewritesverywell.Gladtomeetyou.Whereshallwemeet?c.系动词(LinkingVerbs)系动词与其后的表语一起才能表达一个完整的意义。表语多用名词或形容词。常见的系动词有：appear,be,become,fall,get,go,grow,keep,look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：Heoftenbecameveryexcitedduringthesereadings.MymouthfellopenandIjustlookedathim.Tips英语的系表结构中，有一些固定搭配，如：fallasleep/ill/sick;gobad/blind/hungry/pale/red/tired/wrong;growangry/big/cold/calm/dark/fat/hot/loud/old/rich/serious/thin/tall/worse;keepcalm/close/cool/fit/fine/quiet/silent/warmd.助动词动词根据其含义和语法功能可分为实义动词(NotionalVerbs)和助动词(AuxiliaryVerbs)。实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语，而助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。试比较：Theboydoeshishomeworkeveryday.Theboydoesn’tdohishomeworkonSundays.助动词的分类助动词常用来与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构，以表达说话人的各种情态。助动词可分为时态助动词和do助动词两种。1.时态助动词时态助动词有be,have,will/would,shall/should可以用来构成各种时态、语态和语气。例如：WewillgotoAfricafirst.ThemodernOlympicGameswereheldin1896,inAthens.(04沪)ThefirstuseofAtomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower____increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeenC2.do助动词do可帮助构成疑问句和否定句，还可表示强调或代替前面动词以避免重复。例如：Doyoufindhomeworktiringandboring?Asyoucansee,Ididescape.Walkingandridingyourbikecount,andsodoschoolsports.III.常考动词的词义与搭配have的各种句型及用法1.havesth.done(注重“结果”)2.havesb./sth.doing…3.havesb.do…4.havesb./sth.done/doing…/do…make的各种句型及用法1.make+宾语2.make+双宾语3.make+宾语+名词（补足语）4.make+宾语+形容词（补足语）5.make+it+adj/noun+infinitive/that-clause6.makesb./sth.+infinitivewithout“to”7.makesth./oneself+pastparticipleconsider的用法1.consider+宾语（名词、代词、从句、动名词或不定式的疑问式）2.consider+宾语+补足语（名词、形容词、不定式tobe/tohavebeen）3.considerit+名词或形容词+todosth.4.consider…(as)类似说法：haveAasBtreatAasBthinkofAasBspeakofAasBregardAasBlookon/uponAasBrefertoAasBaccept…aslookupto…asremember…ascount…asuseA…B•三建议advise,persuade,suggest•三个看起来seem,look,appear•四打击beat,hit,strike,knock•四想要hope,wish,want,expect•五输赢win,defeat,beat,gain,fail•五收到receive,accept,admit,get,take•六穿puton,wear,haveon,dress,bein,pullon•七花费spend,cost,pay,take,charge,buy,sellIV.一些重点动词短语归纳•break•bring•call•get•go•hold•make•put•turn•take