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专题六说明文型语法填空专题导读典例导练新题预测返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：(1)多用现在时态。说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。(2)采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的事物进行的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主、谓、宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示来确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。返回目录专题导读返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空典例导练[2013·湖南卷改编]Whenkidsinpartsoftheworldwanttoplay,theyoftenmakesoccerballsoutoftrashtiedtogetherwithstring.“1.________theareasusedforplayingfieldsareoftenroughandrocky,millionsofrealballsgoflat(变瘪)2.________24hours，”saysTimJahnigen,aCaliforniabusinessman.Determinedtosolvethisproblem,3.________createdanindestructibleball4.________(call)theOneWorldFutbol.Theballismadeof5.________specialmaterial,ethylenevinylacetatefoam.It'slightweight,it'sflexible,and—most6.________(importance)—itholdsitsshape.返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空典例导练TheOneWorldFutbolneedsnopump7.________won'twearout,evenonroughsurfaces.Whentested,8.________withstood(经受住)beingcrushedbyacar,andevenbeingchewedonbyalion.Althoughitcosts9.________(much)toproducethanatypicalsoccerball,Jahnigen10.________(estimate)theOneWorldFutbolcanlast30years.Sofar,it'sbeengiventokidsin143countries.返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空典例导练【要点综述】由于真正的足球容易变形损坏，所以TimJahnigen发明了一种耐用的新式足球。1．Because考查连词的用法。句意：因为用来踢足球的场地常常崎岖不平且有很多岩石，所以大多数足球很容易变瘪。because引导原因状语从句。2．within考查介词的用法。由下文的solvethisproblem可知足球变瘪是很容易的，也就是时间很短，在24小时“以内”。3．he考查人称代词的用法。句子缺少主语，he指代上文中提到的TimJahnigen。4．Called返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空典例导练5．a考查冠词的用法。名词material在此是可数的。这种足球是由一种特殊的材料制成的。6．Important7．and考查并列连词的用法。连接两个并列的否定词组needsnopump和won‘twearout，意为“不用打气，也不会磨损”。8．it考查指示代词的用法。本句缺少主语，而且该主语与test构成逻辑上的被动关系，可见它指代的是上文中的TheOneWorldFutbol。9．More10．estimates返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空新题预测Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.1.________，thesurestwaytosuccessistokeepyourdirectionandstick2.________yourgoal.Onyourwaytosuccess,youmustkeepyour3.________(direct)．Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessand4.________(help)youovercomeobstaclesonyourway.5.________，youwilleasilyget6.________(lose)orhesitatetogoahead.Directionsmeanobjectives.Youcangetnowhere7.________anobjectiveinlife.返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空新题预测Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve8.________．Onlyinthiswaywillyouknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyourtime9.________(proper)．Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief10.________youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空新题预测【要点综述】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。1．However此句与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，所以用副词however。2．tostickto意为“坚持”。3．Direction4．helping与guiding并列，一起补充说明alamp，故用现在分词。5．Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。返回目录专题六说明文型语法填空新题预测6．Lost7．without句意：人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。8．itit指代yourobjective。9．properly修饰动词spend，作状语，用副词。10．that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。返回目录备用习题(一)Theairwebreatheisfreelyavailable,withoutwhichwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,airisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryone1.________(need)it.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhile2.________(seat)aroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.3.________breathetheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomake4.________magnificentlife.Opportunityis5.________thesameway,anditiseverywhere.Itis6.________freelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess;itmust返回目录备用习题7.________(seize)andacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity”，asiftheopportunitywilldoalltheworkthat's8.________(possible).Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathingthefreshairofopportunity,9.________.Youmustmakeuseofit.That'snotuptotheopportunity;that'suptoyou.Itdoesn'tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison,but10.________mattersiswhatyoudowithit.返回目录[解析]1.needs考查主谓一致，everyone作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。2.seated考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语，相当于“whiletheyareseated”。3.Others考查不定代词。句型：some…others…。4.a考查冠词。一种奇妙的生活。5.in考查介词。in…way以……的方式，为固定搭配。6.so考查连词。句型：so…that…。7.beseized考查动词的语态。依据上下文的理解，“有机遇必须抓住，你才能成功。”备用习题返回目录8.impossible考查形容词。依据上下文和构词法，此处应为“不可能”，故用impossible。9.however/though考查副词。插入语，意为“然而”。10.what考查主语从句引导词。what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。备用习题返回目录备用习题(二)ThirtytwopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1.________(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2.________neighbour.Yet3.________ofthe32helpedher.Nooneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothereasons4.________peopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps5.________hecanhelp.First,hehastonoticethatitis6.________emergency(紧急情况).Isthesmokecomingintotheroom7.________aleakintheairconditioner?返回目录备用习题Isitfromsteampipes?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It'snotalwayseasytotellifyou8.________(face)witharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportantly,thepersonwhoisfacinganemergencymustfeelpersonally9.________(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,10.________thepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.返回目录【要点综述】JohnBarley和BibFatane对人们见死不救的原因研究后，发现人们出手帮助前会思考两个步骤：一是确实出现紧急情况；二是出现上述情况是自己的责任且自己是唯一能够给予帮助的人。1.beingkilled因KittyGenovese与kill是被动关系，可知应填killed或beingkilled；由后文看到她被杀而没人帮助可知，应当是指她在被杀的过程中没人去帮助，因此用beingkilled更好。2.their指KittyGenovese是看到她被打的那32个人的邻居。3.none由yet和后面的“Nooneevencalledthepolice.”可知，32人中“没有一个人”帮助