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限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少定语,如果去掉,主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish？你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？(如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了。)非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。1.Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:张先生是我的一位朋友。)2.Weheadtothevillagestreet,wheretheywerehavingmarketday.我们朝着村里的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:我们朝着村里的大街走去。)引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。ThatPeterwillmarryAlice,whichhasnotbeenannouncedyet,hasspreadaround.皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已穿得沸沸扬扬。句中的which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。除which外，还可用when,where,who,whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,whereIspentmychildhoodandfouryearsofcollegelife.AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesduringtheWorldWarII,whenJewswerebadlytreatedinGermany.在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省。TheAmericanjournalist(whom/who)theannouncermentionedinthenewsbroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilledbythegangsters.播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,whom/whohelovedandrespectedashisownmother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapan.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。Threeofthebiggestman-madeprojectsintheworldaretheGreatWallofChina，thePyramidsofEgyptandtheAswanHighDam，whichisalsoinEgypt．世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.all/some/most/many/both/either/neither/noneofwhich/whomhalf/20percent/twothirds/several/afew+n.ofwhich/whom二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why。1.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。2.IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“thereasonwhy...”是常见搭配。)Youmusthavetoldheraboutit,shemusthavefinishedreadingthenovellastnight,Nobodywantstogothere,Somethingmustbedonetostopthepollution,Youwentnowhereyesterday,didn’tshe?haven’tyou?didyou?doeshe?isn’tit?ThisisthesecondtimethathehasbeentoJapan,Idon’tbelievethattheirrequestwillbeapproved,Youmustbepreparingfortheprogramme,Defendyourselfinanemergency,isn’tit?willit?aren’tyou?willyou?三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，用as引导。as引导非限制性定语从句可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。1.AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。2.Avantarisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.3.Asweallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.4.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她心都提到嗓子眼了。强调句VS定语从句Itwasatmidnight_that___Ifellasleepwhilereading,withthecandlestillburning.Wasitatmidnight_______youfellasleepwhilereading,withthecandlestillburning?thatWasitmidnight_____youfellasleepwhilereading,withthecandlestillburning?Itwasmidnight_____Ifellasleepwhilereading,withthecandlestillburning.when