4虚拟语气

人教课标高二选修6Unit1虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER语法陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等。二.‘if’虚拟条件句的概念由‘if’引导的虚拟条件句叫作‘if’虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedmyworkontime.三.ifSentenceStructure‘if’虚拟条件句的结构a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldaskChooseoneofthetopicsanddiscussitingroups.1.Youhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?2.Supposeyouwonalotofmoney.Whatwouldyoudowiththemoney?IfI____ateacher,I….were2.与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneSolveproblems•ThestudentsfailedtheEnglishexam.Couldyougivehimsomesuggestions?•OneofyourfriendgotHN1lastyear.Hesufferedalot.Whatcouldyoudohelphim?3.与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might＋动词原形。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+v.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+v.(原)二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would＋动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。e.g.我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshouldnotstayinthehotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)或eventhough(eventhough)引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。Hebehavesasif