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1Book4UNIT11.only+状语（副词、介词短语或从句）位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。（把be动词/情态动词/助动词提前到主语前面）only+状语+助V+主语+其他①IrealizedthatIwaswrongonlythen.☞OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.②YoucanlearnEnglishwellonlyinthisway.☞OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.③Wewillachievesuccessonlywhenweworkhard.☞Onlywhenyouworkhardwillyouachievesuccess.2.spend、pay、cost、take表“花费”sb+spend+time/money+(in)doingsth/onsthsb+pay+money+forsthIt+cost(sb)+money+todosthsth+cost+sb+moneyIt+take(sb)+time+todostheg:①读这本书花了他两天的时间。Hespenttwodays(in)readingthisbook.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthisbook.②买这辆车花了他20万元。Hespent200,000onthiiscar.=Hepaid200,000yuanforthecar.3.leada(+adj.)life过着...的生活leadaquiet/simple/happylife4.lookdownupon/on...鄙视...瞧不起...eg：我们不应该瞧不起残疾人。Weshouldn’tlookdownupon/onthedisable.5.bychance=byaccident碰巧，偶然地eg:我偶然找到了那本丢失了的书。Ifoundthelostbookbychance.comeacross...偶然碰到（某人），偶然发现（某物）eg：我今天早上在街上遇到了一个老朋友。Icameacrossanoldfriendonthestreetthismorning.6.carryon(sth)继续；坚持eg：在他死了之后，他的孩子肯定会坚持他的梦想的。Afterhisdeath,hischildrenwillcertainlycarryonhisdream.carryout履行，执行，实行eg：你必须实履行你的承诺，要不然的话没人会相信你。Youmustcarryoutyourpromise,ornoonewillbelieveyou.7.intendtodosth打算做某事eg：我打算赶上早班车，但我没有及时起床。Iintentedtocatchtheearlytrain,butIdidn’tgetupintime.beintendedforsb为...而准备，专供...使用2eg：这张椅子是为你准备的，但她拿走了。Thechairwasintendedforyou,butshetookitaway.8.devoteoneself/one’slifeto(doing)sth=bedevotedto(doing)sth奉献于...，献身于...，致力于...devotedadj.奉献的，忠诚的devotionn.奉献eg：这个医生致力于研究疾病。Thedoctordevotedhimselftostudyingsickness.=Thedoctorwasdevotedtostudyingsickness.9.connect...with...把...和...联系起来eg：我们应该把学习和思考联系起来。Weshouldconnectlearningwiththinking.10.值得做某事Sth.Be(well)worth+doing[worth形容词，值得的、值（多少）]Sth.beworthy+ofbeingdone/tobedone/ofsth[worthy表被动]Itisworthwhile+todosth./doingsth[worthwhile形容词，值得的]eg：这本书值得一谈。Thebookisworthreading.=Thebookisworthyofbeingread.=Thebookisworthytoberead.=Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.11.arguewithsb.Aboutsth.同某人辩论某事eg：他正在和同学争论这个问题的解决方法。Heisarguingwiththeirclassmatesaboutthesolutiontotheproblem.12.crowdn.人群v.拥挤crowdin涌入eg：门打开了，所有人都涌进来了。Thedooropenedandallthepeoplecrowdedin.13.refer...to...(referred,referring)1）提及，谈到，指的是2）指的是，与...有关3）参考，查阅eg：会议上提到他的名字。Hisnamewasreferredtoatthemeeting.referencen.参考UNIT21.born...过去分词作状语，与主语之间为被动关系。eg：钟南山1941年5月1日出生在广州，他是中国最伟大的医生之一。BorninGuangzhouonMay1,1941,ZhongNanshanisoneofthegreatestdoctorsinChain.2.thankstosb/sth多亏，由于=becauseof...eg：多亏你的帮助，我按时完成了任务。Thankstoyourhelp,Ifinishedtheworkontime.3.ridAofB使A摆脱/除去B3getridof...摆脱/除去...eg：你应该改掉坏习惯。Youshouldridyourselfofthebadhabbits.=Youshouldgetridofthebadhabbits.4.英语中的倍数表达法：（1）（n-1）倍+比较级+than...（2）倍数+as+原级+as..（3）倍数+the+名词+of...（n：size大小，length长度，width宽度，height高度，weight重量）Once\twice\threetimeseg：这条鱼是那条鱼的四倍大。Thisfishisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.=Thisfishisfourtimesasbigasthatone.=Thisfishisfourtimesthesizeofthatone.5.besatisfiedwith...对...感到满意eg：她对自己的所得从不感到满足。Sheisneversatisfiedwithwhatshehasgot.6.satisfyvt.使满意satisfiedadj.感到满意的（sb）satisfyingadj.令人满意的(sth)=satisfactory（常用）satisfactionn.满意toone’ssatisfation让某人满意的是eg：让我满意的是，他的行为很令人满意。Tomysatisfaction,hisbehaviourissatisfactory.7.careabout在乎，在意eg：我不在乎别人说什么。Idon’tcarewhatotherssay.8.thereforeadv.因此，所以（可与and同时使用）soconj(连词)因此，所以（不可与and同时使用）eg：天下雨，足球赛因此而延期了。Itrainedandthereforethefootballmatchwasputoff.9.confusevt.1）使迷惑2）混淆confusedadj.感到迷惑的confusingadj.令人迷惑的confusionn.迷惑，混淆beconfusedabout....对...感到迷惑eg：我对这个令人迷惑的问题感到迷惑。Iamconfusedabouttheconfusingquestion.10.wouldrather+（not）dosth宁愿（没）做...eg：我宁愿现在在乡村里工作。I’dratherworkinthecountrysidenow.wouldrather+(not)havedonesth宁愿过去（没）做了....（而实际未做）（虚拟语气）eg：我宁愿昨晚呆在家里。Iwouldratherhavestayedathomelastnight.wouldrather...than...宁愿...而不...eg：我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去电影院。IwouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.411.regretv.1)后悔2）遗憾regret+doingsth后悔做过某事（常用havingdone）regret+todosth遗憾要做某事eg：我后悔以前浪费了太多时间。Iregrethavingwastedtoomuchtimebefore.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能去你的生日派对。IregrettotellyouIcan’tcometoyourbirthdayparty.12.It做形式宾语形式：主+谓v+it+adj./n.+(forsb)todo+that(从句)eg：我认为对于我们来说学好英语很重要。Ithinkitimportant(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.13.lendtosth1）导致2）通向（led，led）lendtosb.doingsth导致某人做某事eg：刻苦努力导致成功，而懒惰导致失败。Hardworkleadstosuccesswhilelazinessleadstofailure.14.focusv.聚焦n.焦点focus（one’sattention)on...集中（注意力）于eg：你应该关注你的学习而不是你的爱好。Youshouldfoucsonyourstudiesandnotonyourhobbies.15.Keep...freefrom.../of...使...免受（影响、伤害等）eg：我们应该保护河流免受污染。Weshouldkeeptheriversfreefrompollution.16.struggleagainst...为反对...而斗争strugglefor....为争取...而斗争strugglewith...和...并肩战斗eg：我们同各种困难作斗争。Wehadtostrugglingallkindsofsuccess.AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。UNIT31.uptonow=sofar“到现在为止”。常与现在完成时连用eg：直到现在我还没收到过他的信。ihaven’theardfromhimuptonow.2.contentadj.满足的，满意的=satisfiedbecontentwithsth对...满意=besatisfiedwith...becontenttodosth.感到满意做某事eg:我对我现在的生活很满意。Iamcontentwithmypresentlife.53.这条新闻让人惊讶。Thatnewsastonishedeveryone.(v.)Thatnewsisastonishing.(adj.)Everyonewasastonishedatthenews.eg:让我们惊讶的是，他已经结婚了。Tomyastonishment,hehasbeenmarried.4.failuren.1)失败[不可数];2)失败的人或事[可数]eg:这次会议是个彻头彻尾的大失败。Themeetingwasafailurefromstartofinish.失败乃是成功之母。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.5.overcomev.克服，战胜(overcame，overcome)eg:我们应该尽力克服所有困难，永不放弃。Weshouldoverc