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李晓杰 曲艳东 闫鸿浩 王金相 张越举大连理工大学工程力学系工业装备与结构分析国家重点实验室(大连,116023)[ ] (、、、、),、。、,,,。,,,,。[] [] TU459.3 TB5231 50,,60,、、。6070[1]。,,。,、、、[2]。,[3],[4,5],[6][7],[8],[9,10],、、,[11]。,——,,[12];[13]。,,,,。,。2 2.1 ,,。,,,。,,,[14,15]:d2ut2=Wxxx+Wyxy+Wzxzd2vt2=Wxyx+Wyyy+Wzyzd2wt2=Wxzx+Wyzy+Wzzz(1) d——; Wxx,Wyx,Wzx,Wxy,Wyy,Wzy,Wxz,Wyz,Wzz ——; u、v、w——x、y、z。u、v、w,:(λ+G)Δx+_2u-2ut2=0(λ+G)Δy+_2v-2vt2=0(λ+G)Δz+_2w-2wt2=0(2) Δ——(Δ=Xxx+Xyy+Xzz); λ——; G——; d——; 2——2=2x2+2y2+2z2; u、v、w——x、y、z; _——。(2):(λ+G)θ,i+G2ui=dui(i=1,2,3)(3) 11-2_uj,ji+ui,jj=2d1+_Eui(4)·1·20058 ,、。,。、。2.2 PS:PS。(4)xi,ui,ijj=d(1+_)(1-2_)E(1-_)ui,i(5) cP=E(1-_)d(1+_)(1-2_)=λ+2Gd(6) θ=ui,i c2Pθ,jj=θ(7),θ,cP,。,P。(4)xk,i,k,:ui,kjj+11-2_uj,jik=2d(1+_)Eui,k(8)uk,ijj+11-2_uj,jki=2d(1+_)Euk,i(9)(8)(9):ui,k-uk,i=E2d(1+_)ui,kjj-uk,ijjkik=12(ui,k-uk,i) kik=c2Skik,jj(10) cS=E2d(1+_)=Gd(11)(10),kij。,S。(6)(11),cP、cSE、_d,,。,——PS。,——,。3 ,,,、、、。,。、、、,。,,。,、。3.1 ,,。K1:K1=vpcvps2(12) vpc——; vps——。3.2 、。1。1 vp3.3 ,(),,;(),,。:p=av3p p——; vp——; a——, a=980。,,,,。3.4 ,,,。2。2,,。,·2· ExplosiveMaterials 344,。,。。2 vpe1-;2、3-;4、5-;6-;7-3.5 、,3。,,。90%,;90%,3 vpk1、2-;3、4-;5、6-;7-;8-[16]。,。F.Birch,,,[17,18],。3.6 H:H=1-1exp(vps/vpc-1)K’fs(13) H——; fs——; vpc——; vps——。3.7 ,,。,、。,,。。:N=ln(A/A)(14) A/A——。:Ax=A0X-nAx=A0X-Tx(15) A0——; Ax——X; n——; T——。x1x2A1、A2,T:T=1x2-x1lnA1A2(16),,,,,。,,。,、。,、·3·20058 。,(、);[19]。,,。3.8 ,,,,。,。3.9 ,,[20]。[18],3,,1.013×105Pa,10%;1.0×105MPa,2%～3%。,x、y、z3,z。,1。 1,xy8%,5%;,xz11%,-1%;,,y,表1 用声波法计算的各特定方向岩石的各向异性[21]/104MPa/km·s-1/km·s-1xyz4.64.94.80.1700.3150.2894.3205.0214.8762.6400.5942.603xy3.53.90.0760.1153.7764.0972.5542.682xy4.04.30.2170.2664.3424.7432.6112.644xy2.44.70.2610.2973.5775.0622.0352.719,xy,8%,1%;,,41%,34%。 ,,2。。4 ,、,,。,,。、,[23]::ec=(vpm/vpt)2·ecs表2 岩石中各向异性的测试[22]/km·s-1ABC/km·s-1×100/km·s-1ABC/km·s-1×1006.246.587.086.6912.63.574.173.293.67245.435.015.285.228.03.973.272.783.34365.416.236.756.1318.53.632.543.233.13356.406.316.416.381.53.653.603.083.4417()4.025.615.394.8628.23.313.263.793.45156.226.185.646.0210.1-----6.516.536.396.482.23.573.943.683.73105.575.634.305.1725.73.133.244.133.50296.636.706.406.584.53.463.164.353.66335.354.804.885.0111.13.003.313.173.16105.495.685.595.593.33.523.033.343.30156.956.787.026.913.5-----6.365.676.936.3219.83.493.173.733.4616·4· ExplosiveMaterials 344表3 声波参数与岩体分类和评价的关系[24]ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ/km·s-14.0～6.03.0～4.02.0～3.51.0～2.51.0T0.750.50～0.750.35～0.500.20～0.350.20U0.250.25～0.500.50～0.650.65～0.800.80V0.100.10～0.200.20～0.400.40～0.800.60～1.00、、、、、、、、、、 :et=(vpm/vpt)2·ect:T=(vpm/v2pt)2:U=(v2pt-v2pm)2/v2pt:V=(v0-v)/v0:Z=vp/vp vpm,vpt——、; ecs,ect——; v0——; v——; vp,vp——、。 3、。5 ,,。、、、、、,。,,。、,,,。,。,,,。,、。,、,、,。、、、CT,。,:,,,。,,。,。1 ,,..,1999,20(4):83～872 ,..,2000,19(2):79～853 ,,..,2003,10():175～1774 ..,1996,(1):31～345 ,,..,1997,17(2):16～186 ,..,2000,12(2):45～477 ,..,1998,12(3):13～14,188 ,,..,1999,21(3):25～279 ,..,2000,22(6):720～72210 ..,1999,18(2):23811 ..,1997,(6):53～5512 ,,.·5·20058 .,2003,27(5):356～35913 ..,1995,18(2):1～314 ,..:,1992.211～21815 ,..:,2002.65～6716 ,..,1995,19(1):6～1017Birch,F..TheVelocityofCompressionalWavesinrocksto10Kilobars,Part1.JGeophys.Res.,1960,Vol.65,1083～110218Birch,F..TheVelocityofCompressionalWavesinrocksto10Kilobars,Part2.JGeophys.Res.,1961,Vol.66,2199～222419 ,..,2000,10(1):50～5320 Terry.N.B.,Seaborne,N.F..TheelasticPropertiesofCoal.Part5.AnapparatusformeasuringelssticpulseVelocityinCoalspecimen.N.C.B.,MiningResearchEstablishmentRept.1957.207921 Youash,Y.Y.Dyanamicphysicalproperitiesofrocks.PartⅡ,Experimentalresults.Proc.2ndCong.Int.soc.RockMech.,Belgrade.1970,Vol.1,185～19522 Ramana,Y.V.,Venkatanarayana,B..LaboratorystudiesonKolarrocks,Int.J.RockMech.,Min.Sci.&Geomench.Abstr,1973,Vol.10,465～48923 ..:,1994.152～155AcousticSoundingInExplosiveRocksLiXiaojie,QuYandong,YanHonghao,WangJinxiang,ZhangYuejuDepartmentofEngineeringMechanicsofDalianUniversityofTechnology,StateKeyLaboratoryofAnalysisforIndustrialEquipment(Dalian,116023)[ABSTRACT] Acousticsoundinginexplosiverocksisatestingtechnologytoanalyzethestructure,mechanicsparametersofrocksanddegreesofexplodedrocks.Theresultsnotonlycandeterminemechanicscharacteristicofrocks,butalsocanverdictchangesinrocks.Itcansupplybasicforexplodingdesignandappraisetheexplodingproperly.Itismainlyconcernedaboutthebasictheoriesofacousticsoundingandphysicalpropertiesofrocks’influenceonacousticsounding.Meanwhile,thebasisofappraisingeffectsofexplodingandsomesuggestionsofitindepthresearcharepresented.Applicationofacousticsoundingisalsopredictedinthefuture.[KEYWORDS] acousticsounding,elasticwave,attenuationcoefficient,freqency6000t 2005423,6000t。,,,。,6000t,。6000t,20024。20046,。,、、、、、,。、,,,、、、。20048,。,《》,、,,,。,,,GB18098-2000,2#、。,,“”。(陈进步)·6· ExplosiveMaterials 344