搜索
Ⅰ.Goneup→increasedsetup→establishedPutupwith→toleratelookinginto→investigatingFigureout→determineputintopractice→implementComeupwith→developedmakeup→constituteGetridof→eliminatekeepup→maintainGonedown→decreasethinking→consideringⅡ.StructureofDataCommentaryDatacommentariesusuallyhastheseelementsinthefollowingorder.1.locationelementsand/orsummarystatements2.highlightingstatements3.discussionsofimplications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,orotherinterestingaspectsofthedata可能涉及到排序题，有例如下：①Acomputervirusisaprogramthatisspecificallyandmaliciouslydesignedtoattackacomputersystem,destroyingdata.②Asbusinesshavebecomeinceasinglydependentoncomputers,e-mail,andtheInternet,concernoverthepotentialdestructivenessofsuchviruseshasalsogrown.③TableXshowsthemostcommonsourcesofinfectionforU.S.businesses.④Ascanbeseen,inagreatmajorityofcases,theentrypointofthevirusinfectioncanbedetected,withe-mailattachmentsbeingresponsiblefornearly9outof10viruses.⑤Thisveryhighpercentageisincreasinglyalarming,especiallysincewithacertainamountofcautionsuchinfectionsarelargelypreventable.⑥Inconsequence,e-mailusersshouldbewaryofallattachments,eventhoesfromatrustedcolleagueoraknownsender.⑦Inaddition,allcomputersusedfore-mailneedtohaveacurrentversionofagoodantivirusprogarmwhosevirusdefinitionsareupdatedregularly.⑧Whileitmaybepossibletolessenthelikelihoodofdownloadinganinfectedfile,businessesarestillvulnerabletocomputervirusproblemsbecauseofhumanerrorandthethreatofnew,quicklyspreadingvirusesthatcannotbeidentifiedbyantivvirussoftware.①②→Theoryandcommonbeliefs.③→Thestart④⑤⑥⑦⑧→ImplicationsⅢ.信息性摘要Aninformativeabstract,asitsnameimplies,summarizesthekeypointsintheRP.Itisanoverviewthatbrieflystatethepurpose,methods,resultsandconclutionswithquantitativeinformation.信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。它是论文全文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要，但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减，而是要进行深入加工。比较流行的信息性摘要架构有：①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions②Background→Purposeandaim→Methods→Results→Conclusions③Background+purpose→Methodology→Result→ConclusionⅣ.Appendix1常用词汇、短语的用法Above“above”可用于指称前面提到的信息，但只能以一个段落或前几个句子中曾出现过的信息为限。“above”不能用来说明前几个段落甚至前几页中曾经出现的信息，否则读者会感到迷惑，不清楚“above”所指的信息是什么。e.g.(1)Theaboveexplanationwillhelpanswerthisquestion.(刚提及)否则就应该用下列写法(2)Wecanadopttheexplanationdescribedearliertoanswerthisquestion.(3)WecanapplytheexplanationintroducedinSection2toanswerthisquestion.Asmentionedabove,asmentionedpreviously这两个短语的用法有些不同。“asmentionedpreviously”(asmentionedearlier)通常用来指几个段落或几页前所提到的内容。作者想指明前几个句子所提到的内容时，可以使用“asjustmentioned”。建议撰写科技论文的作者尽可能使用较准确的词来代替“asmentionedabove”或“asmentionedearlier”。例如，当作者指的是上一节中的内容，则可用“asmentionedintheprecedingsection”来表达，而不用“asmentionedabove”。Appendix若论文、著作或研究报告只有一个附录，则在文章中应该使用“theAppendix”。若有两个以上的附录，则采用“AppendixA”，“AppendixB”或“AppendixI”,“AppendixII”来指称这些附录，而且“Appendix”前可不加冠词。e.g.ThepropertiesofvariousmaterialsusedinthedesignandanalysisofheatpipesarepresentedinAppendixC.Asfollows“asfollows”,“thefollowing”,“asshownbelow”都是正确的形式，而“asfollowings”，“asthefollowings”,“asbelow”等都是不正确的形式。e.g.(1)Solutionsforequation(1)and(2)canbederivedasfollows.(2)Commonlyusedmethodsincludethefollowing:Aspect在英文科技论文中，aspect及area之类的词，常常是累赘而应该加以省略的词。累赘：(1)RegardingtheapplicationaspectofGeneticAlgorithm(遗传算法),manyapproacheshavebeenproposed.累赘：(2)IntheareaofapplicationofGeneticAlgorithm,manyapproacheshavebeenproposed.简洁：(3)ManyapproachestoapplicationofGeneticAlgorithmhavebeenproposed.简洁：(4)ManyapplicationsofGeneticAlgorithmhavebeenproposed.Based“Based”这个词常出现在论文的题目中，用于名词短语“基于某物或某方法的…...”之中，以使该名词短语简洁。e.g.(1)基于气泡堆积法的非结构化网络生成bubblepackingmethodbasedunstructuredgridgeneration(2)IEEE802.15.4-basedbodysensornetworkBasedon若句首出现以basedon开头的过去分词短语，则必须注意过去分词表示的被动行为对象是句子中的主语。然而，在绝大多数以basedon开头的句子中，basedon开头的过去分词短语却不能合理地修饰句子的主语。由此看来，还是应该用onthebasisof，by，from,Accordingto或其他词来替代basedon，否则就需要重写句子，以便使读者清楚地了解是什么的“基础”。正：(2)FromEq.(6),itisobtainedthat….佳：(4)Onthebasisoftheexperimentalresults,weconcludethat….佳：(5)Fromtheexperimentalresults,weconcludethat….佳：(6)theexperimentalresultsshowthat….在下列例句中，以basedon开头的短语就可以正确地修饰句子的主语。这个句子的含意是NikonCoolPix995照相机是以“advanceddigitaltechnology”为基础的。Basedonadvanceddigitaltechnology,theNikonCoolPix995cameraprovidestheexcellentperformances.Belong在英文中，“belong”通常表示属某人的财产(后加“to”)及应归入某部分和适合的意思。但在科技论文中，想要表示某个项目属于某种类型时，通常不使用“belong”，而用“tofallintothecategoryof”,“tobeaformof”或“tobeclassifiedas”e.g.(1)Thebuildingbelongstothecollege.(2)Thisproblemcanbeclassifiedasanonlinearprogrammingproblem.(3)Thetotaltoolwear(工具磨耗)observedintheceramiccuttingtool(陶瓷刀具)canbedividedintotwomainbroadcategoriessuchas…Besides在正式的英文论文中，不宜用连接词“besides”来表达“此外”之意，应该使用“inaddition”，“moreover”或“furthermore”。佳：(2)Inaddition,sendingthesemassageselectronicallyeliminatestheneedfor100piecesofpaperthatpeopleglanceatandthrowaway.佳：(3)Moreover,sendingthesemassageselectronicallyeliminatestheneedfor100piecesofpaperthatpeopleglanceatandthrowaway.Better在英文科技论文中，当我们比较两个事物的时候，最好不要告诉读者其中一个比另一个“更好”（“better”），而应该使用更精确的词。e.g.(1a)Thegasturbineisbetterthanthestreamengine.(1b)Thegasturbine(燃气涡轮)ismoreefficientthanthestreamengine.(2a)Ouralgorithmisbetterthan