搜索
高考阅读指导之猜测词义高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息(细节题)；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。1.Theunderlinedword“…”refersto(means/standsfor).2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceof/bereplacedbytheword“…”?3.Whatisthemeaningof“…”asthewordsareusedinthetext?4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?常见词义猜测题型考查方向：１、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；２、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；３、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；４、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；５、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；６、通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义技巧7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人)定义常见词汇及短语：becalled,beknown,bedefinedas,constitute,referto等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。解释常见词汇及短语：or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but,yet,while、however,otherwiseontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inspiteof,instead等。Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(v.不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)4.CauseandEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(concentrate/focusherattentionon)因果关系常见词汇及短语：since,as,because,for,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthat,resultfrom,so,therefore,thus,consequently,resultin等。5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas,like等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具)6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义，即派生。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了;另外还有合成与转化。常见的前缀和后缀如：super-(超)mini-(迷你的,微小的)micro-（微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)antiageingnonsmoker(抗衰老的)shewolfsleep-walk(母狼)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(梦游)Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.micro+bus微型公共汽车Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.…Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat7.Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。8.Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.麻醉剂(药)practicemakesperfect1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever2.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱小试身手4.Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges.5.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.6.Williamshakesparesaid.“thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeansa．Simpleb．mixedc．sadd．happy稳定的动物的地盘7.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.8.Theotherquestionedtheveracity--–thetruthfulnessofthesereports.社会流动性真实性9.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.一片混乱10.Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.不知疲倦的