高中英语各种时态讲义

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-1-一、一般现在时的用法一般现在时态的构成:主语是I,we,you,they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he,she,it和名词单数时,作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+s以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾+es以辅音+y结尾去y变i+es2)一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.3)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较:NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展:一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.-2-3)在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.4)在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork2.______thebusuntilit______..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop。3.The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake二、一般过去时的用法一般过去时的构成:用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母+y结尾去y变i+ed重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent?Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。IsawTominthestreetyesterday.2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.-3-3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。(1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.(2)情态动词could,would,例如:Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.注意比较下列句型:◎Itistimeforsb.todosth“到……时间了;该……了”,例如:Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。◎Itistimesb.didsth.“时间已迟了;早该……了”,例如:Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。◎would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”,例如:I'dratheryoucametomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义:她已不在人间。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义:她现在还活着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)r.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe2.---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow3.HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.-4-4)beaboutto+不定式,意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意:beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。☆begoingto/will的用法之比较:用于条件句时,begoingto表将来,will表意愿。例如:Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.☆beto和begoingto的用法之比较:beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划。例如:Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排)1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport?A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcomeWeChinese______theOlympicGamesin2008.A.heldB.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold四、现在进行时1)现在进行时的构成:Am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式v-ing现在分词的构成:一般情况+ing以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing+ing以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去e+ing以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing2)现在进行时的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?Areyou/theydoingsomething?1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:Wearewaitingforyou.2.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:-5-Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.3.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.4.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.知识扩展:不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动

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