搜索
直接引语变间接引语陈文霞在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化3.注意句子结构的变化4.其他1.时态变化1).时态需要变化：2).时态不需要变化：①.一般现在时变一般过去时：•Thegirlsaid,“I'msorryforbeinglateforclass.”→Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.②.一般过去时变过去完成时：•Hesaidtome,“Imetyourfather.”→Hetoldmethathehadmetmyfather.1).时态需要变化的是：③.一般将来时变过去将来时：•Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.④.现在完成时变过去完成时：•Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidthatshehadlostapen⑤.现在进行时变过去进行时：•Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingJapanesethesedays.”→ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesethosedays.直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时2).时态不需要变化的是：a.直接引语中是：①.客观真理：•“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”saidtheteacher.→Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.②.有具体的过去年月日：•XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.③.过去完成时：•Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.④.过去进行时：•Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.⑤.情态动词没有过去时的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已经是过去时的形式时(could,should,would,might)：•Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.•Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.⑥.一般现在时(表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作)：•Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑦.一般现在时(表示所述事实在当时和目前同样生效)：•Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”•→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.b.主句时态(引号外句子)是：①.一般现在时。如：•Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”→Hesaysthathehasfinishedhishomework.②.一般将来时。如：•Shewillsay,“I'lldoittomorrow.”→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.2.人称变化“一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”1).“一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人称。如：①.Theysaid,“Wewillgotherebybus.”→Theysaidtheywouldgotherebybus.②.Shesaid“Mysisterwantstogowithme.”→Shesaid(that)hersisterwantedtogowithher.2).“二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：①.Shesaidtome,“Areyouinterestedinscience?”→SheaskedmeifIwasinterestedinscience.②.HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.3).“第三人称不用变”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如：①.Hismothersaidtome,“Hecan'tgotoschool.”→Hismothertoldmethathecouldn'tgotoschool.②.MrSmithsaid,Jack’sbrotherisagoodworker.→MrSmithsaidJack’sbrotherwasagoodworker.3.指示代词变化1).this---that•Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”→Hesaidthathewantedthat.2).these---those•Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.句子结构的变化Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句•Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”•HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.•Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.•陈述句•用连词that引导(可省)。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that陈述句解题步骤:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.Sarah一般疑问句解题步骤:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑问句•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshad•beenbuiltinourcountry.•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序3.特殊疑问句解题步骤：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.选择疑问句•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.•用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，•也不用either…or…直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldShould（不变）willwouldwouldWould（不变）maymightmightMight（不变）cancouldcouldCould（不变）mustMust/hadto