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AbriefintroductionofWilliamShakespeare目录•一、人物生平•少年时期•剧团生涯•二、个人作品•早期作品•中期作品•晚期作品•三、作品风格•四、成就荣誉•五、人物评价威廉·莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare（1564、4、23——1616、4、23）威廉·莎士比亚（W.WilliamShakespeare，1564－1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库罗斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及幼里匹蒂斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。他流传下来的作品包括38部戏剧、155首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗和其他诗歌。他的戏剧有各种主要语言的译本，且表演次数远远超过其他任何戏剧家的作品。他的作品直至今日依旧广受欢迎，在全球以不同文化和政治形式演出和诠释。Person'slife（boyhood）•ThegreatEnglishRenaissancedramatistandpoetWilliamShakespearewasbornonApril23,1564incentralEnglandWarwickcountyevanriversideStratfordthecitizensofawealthyfamily.Hisfather,JohnShakespeareisoperatingwool,leatherandgraininthebusinessofthegrocer,thetownof1565civilaffairsofficer,threeyearslaterwaselectedmayor.Shakespeareattheageofsevenwassenttoalocalgrammarschool,whereareadissixyears,masteredthebasicskillsofwritingandawealthofknowledge,inaddition,healsolearnedLatinandGreek.Butbecauseofhisfather'sbankruptcy,failedtograduatetooktotheroadofmakingalivingalone.In1577wasbackfromschool,hisfatherhadtohelphisfathertodothebusinessforaperiodoftime.Heworkedasabutcher'sapprentice,hadtaughtinthevillageschool,alsoworkedinvariousprofessions,whichmadehimupalotofsocialexperience.•WhenreadingShakespeareisinnovated,differentfromothers.Legendhasitthatwhenhewasyoung,heworkedasateacherinthecountry.TherewerealsorumorsthathewasinanamedThomasLucy'srichrichandlocalpoaching,chiefexecutiveoflandwasLucy'shousekeeper,foundthathegotbeatup.Shakespeareinrevenge,hewroteasarcasmdoggerelofgreatwealth.Thepoemwasnotlongbeforetheyspreadthroughoutthewholecountry.Greatwealthwherevertheygo,peopletolaughathimwiththisfirstlimericks.SquireThomaswasveryangry,soreadytofindawaytopunishShakespeare,ShakespearewasforcedtoleaveStratfordtown,therefore,totakerefugeinLondon.人物生平少年时期•伟大的英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人威廉·莎士比亚于1564年4月23日生于英国中部瓦维克郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭。其父约翰·莎士比亚是经营羊毛、皮革制造及谷物生意的杂货商，1565年任镇民政官，3年后被选为镇长。莎士比亚七岁时被送到当地的一个文法学校念书，在那里一念就是六年，掌握了写作的基本技巧与较丰富的知识，除此之外，他还学过拉丁语和希腊语。但因他的父亲破产，未能毕业就走上独自谋生之路。1577年被父亲从学校接回，不得已帮他父亲做了一段时间的生意。他当过肉店学徒，也曾在乡村学校教过书，还干过其他各种职业，这使他增长了许多社会阅历。•莎士比亚读书时就卓尔不凡，与众不同。传说他年轻时在乡村当过教师。也有传言说他曾在一个叫托马斯·露西的富裕财主兼地方行政长官的土地上偷猎，结果被露西的管家发现，他为此挨了揍。莎士比亚出于报复，就写了一首讥讽大财主的打油诗。这首诗没过多久便传遍了整个乡村。大财主无论走到哪里，总有人用这首打油诗来嘲笑他。托马斯乡绅非常恼火，于是准备想办法惩罚莎士比亚，莎士比亚因此被迫离开斯特拉福德小镇，到伦敦避难。Troupecareer•ShakespearealsoliveinStratfordtown,ondramahasbeenveryfamiliarwith.ThereareoftensometraveltheaterperformancestoStratfordtown.•Withthedaughterofafarmerin1582marriedAnnehathaway,1585haveoneson,Shakespeare'sHamlet.•In1586or1587toLondon,dramawasquicklybecamepopular.Hefirstinthetheatrewhenthegroom,fatigue,thenintothetroupe,actors,directors,writers,andeventuallybecomeashareholdertheatre.•Firststartedwritingbeforeandafter1588,basedonpredecessors'script,soonbegantoindependentlycreated.•Bytheendof1590,ShakespearehasbecomeatopLondontheatre-Jamesbeachinteriorministerconsecratetroupeinbusiness,actorandplaywright.Later,Shakespeareconfirmedhimselfasadown-to-earthtopeople,moralpeople,hebecamethecompany'sshareholders,soonwontherespectandlovepeople.•Since1594,histroupeshelteredbythepalaceminister,knownasthepalaceministertroupe;JamesIaccededtothethroneafteralsobecaring,renamedtheking'ssacrificetroupe,sothetroupeisontourinadditiontotheregular,oftenshowinthepalace,Shakespearecreationscriptandfamousinthesocialfromallwalksoflife.•In1596,heappliedforinthenameofhisfathertothetitleofgentlemanandhastherighttoarms,andhasthreetimestopurchasetheconsiderablerealestate.•In1597toreturntothehomepurchaseproperty,spendhislastdays.Althoughhereceivedagoodeducation,butdidnotattendcollege.•1598peopleintheuniversityoff.millshasbeeninthetreasurehouseofwisdom,citedShakespeareplaysuptotheageof35,praisedhisunparalleledcomedyandtragedy,andtheancientclassicdramapoemsaid.Buthewasnotpublishedhisownplays.Thesuccessofthewriting,makeShakespearewontheSAOsampdoria,Lord,Lordbecamehispatron.ShakespearehadwrittenhimtwolongpoemVenusandall,o,LuKeLisilkinsulttotheLord,andalsofortheLordhaswrittensomesonnets.WiththeLord,therelationshipbetweenShakespeareenteredthenoblecultureofinsectdragon,makehimhadtheopportunitytoobserveandunderstandthesociety,expandedhisviewoflife,forhiscreationprovidesarichsourceofthefuture.••Shakespearein1599participatedinthefamousglobetheatreinLondon,andbecomeashareholderandactor.Shakespearebecameincreasinglywealthyandobtainedthetitleofthehereditaryaristocracyforhisfamily.In1612,heasarichgentlemantoreturn.•Heascendedthethrone,in1603,JamesIandhistroupecalledkingconsecratetroupe,heandhisgroupofactorswasappointedtocommandattendants,sothetroupeisontourinadditiontotheregular,oftenshowinthepalace,ShakespearecreationscriptandrenownedJuTanforOxfordandCambridgebackgroundofthesocialfromallwalksoflifeatthattimetheuniversitywitsdominated,afamousdramatistwaswritinganarticleinacontemptuoustonelaughedatsuchaShakespeareciviliansvulgar,theupstartcrowdarewithnoblegeniusthanhighandlow!ButShakespearelaterwonthesupportoftheaudience,includingcollegestudentsgroupsandaffection,thestudentshadamateurperformanceinschoolsomeofShakespeare