语言学试题5

英语语言学试题（5）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa()study.A.comparativeB.diachronicC.up-to-dateD.descriptive2.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is()phonetics.A.auditoryB.acousticC.articulatoryD.noneoftheabovethree3.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso().A.phonemesB.morphemesC.allophonesD.phones4.Sinceearly1980sNoamChomskyandothergeneratvielinguistsproposedanddevelopedatheoryofuniversalgrammarknownasthe()theory.A.speechactB.TGC.principles-and-parametersD.minimalistprogramme5.Onewaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningis().A.predicationanalysisB.stylisticanalysisC.componentialanalysisD.propositionanalysis6.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe()becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeaker’sintention.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.constativeact7.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar().A.SirWilliamJonesB.JohnFirthC.M.A.K.HallidayD.F.D.Saussure8.Abilingualspeakeroftenusestwolanguagesalternativelyduringaconversationwithanotherbilingualspeaker,aspeechsituationknownas().A.discourserole-switchingB.activityrole-switchingC.socialrole-switchingD.code-switching9.AfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopmentofL2learners’().A.secondlanguageB.firstlanguageC.foreignlanguageD.interlanguage10.ItisestimatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknownbyEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenofagesixisaround().A.7800B.6800C.5800D.4800二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi________.13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a________aredividedintotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.18.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownaslanguaget________.20.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.三、判断说明题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.()22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.()23.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.()25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.()26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.()27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.()28.Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituationsknownasdiglossiaandbilingualismemerge.()29.Linguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemisphericdominanceforlanguageisfoundtoexistinanoverwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.()30.Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,aninterlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysiswasdeveloped.()四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)31.competenceandperformance32.minimalpair33.morphology34.finiteclause35.senseandreference36.CooperativePrinciple37.semanticbroadening38.languageplanning39.thecriticalperiodhypothesis40.instrumentalmotivationvs.integrativemotivation五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41.Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedtothesamephoneme?42.Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagramtorevealitsunderlyingstructure.Thegirlatetheorange.43.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespeare’sHAMLETbelowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpressionbetweenElizabethanandModernEnglishthatisevident.King:WhereisPolonius?Hamlet:Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,seekhimi’theotherplaceyourself.Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithinthismonth,youshallnosehimasyougoupthestairsintothelobby.ActIV,Sceneiii