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P78Asonnetisalyricinvariablyoffourteenlines,usuallyiniambicpentameter(五步格诗),restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme.P78PetrarchansonnetVSShakespeareansonnetAlsocalledtheItaliansonnet,itwasdevelopedinItaly,popularizedbyPetrarchandfrequentlyusedbyEnglishRenaissancepoets.Itiscomposedofoctave(thefirsteightlines)oftherhymepatternabbaabbaandsestet(thelastsixlines)ofacommonrhymepatterncdecde.AlsoknownastheEnglishSonnet,consistsofthreequatrainsfollowedbyacouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg.Athemeisdeveloped&elaboratedinthequatrains,&aconcludingthoughtispresentedinthecouplet.Between1593and1599,Shakespearewrote154sonnets,whichfallintotwogroups.Sonnet18isoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare,inwhichhehasaprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepoweroftimeandtheeternalbeautybroughtforthbypoetrytotheoneheloves.Anicesummer'sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry.P78P79十四行诗第十八首我是否能把你与夏日比较？尽管你的美丽和温柔远超：狂风肆虐五月柔嫩的花苞，孟夏总叹吉日良辰的短少：太阳普照下时而炎热难当，夕阳西沉处常常金辉黯淡；无奈花开花谢中红颜易伤，苦于滚滚红尘里世事无常；唯有你好似永夏经年不衰，不失优雅气质而风华绝代；死亡阴霾遮掩不住的美态，定格在不朽诗篇字里行外：只要人文延续，诵读不止，传承此诗，你也流芳百世。Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimm'd;ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.P79∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—a∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—b——∨—∨—∨—∨—a∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—b∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—c∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—d∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—c∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—d∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—e∨—∨—∨∨∨—∨—f∨∨——∨—∨∨∨—e∨∨∨—∨—∨—∨—f∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—g∨—∨—∨—∨—∨—gSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimm'd;ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:能不能让我来把你比作夏日？你可是更加可爱，更加温婉；yougentleYouareRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：charming;pleasinghasduration,timeallottedalimitedperiodoftimeSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；sometimes,fromtimetotimethesunnotbrightnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinofthefaceAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；everybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautyfortunestrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcourseButthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形相；existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestownNorshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；wanderboastthougrow’sttotimegrow—growestSolongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。thispoem1Addressedtoamanorwoman?2Shakespeareisgay?3Thebeautyofwhat?Man’sBeautyWhatapieceofworkisaman!Hownobleinreason!Howinfiniteinfaculty!inform,inmoving,howexpressandadmirable!inactionhowlikeanangel!inapprehensionhowlikeagod!thebeautyoftheworld!theparagonofanimals!Andyettome,whatisthisquintessenceofdust?mandelightsnotme;no,norwomanneither,though,byyoursmiling,youseemtosayso.----------WilliamShakespeare“Hamlet”1Addressedtoamanorwoman?2Shakespeareisgay?3Thebeautyofwhat?