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1食品专业英语常用词汇海南大学食品学院编2007.09.26化学名词中常用的数目词头1/2hemi,semi19nonadeca1mono,uni20eicosa2di,bi,bis21heneicosa3tri,ter22docosa4tetra,quadri23tricosa5penta,quinqui,quinque24tetracosa6hexa,sexi25pentacosa7hepta,septi26hexocosa8octa27heptacosa9ennea,nona28octacosa10deca29nonacosa11undeca,hendeca30triaconta12dodeca31hentriaconta13trideca40tetraconta14tetradeca50pentaconta15pentadeca60hexacoonta16hexadeca70heptaconta17heptadeca80octaconta18octadeca90enneaconta1、词头mono-一uni-一bi-二di-二tri-三tertio-三tertrial-三tetra-四quart-四penta-五hexa-六hepta-七octa-八nona-九deca-十undeca-十一dodeca-十二trideca-十三tetradeca-十四pentadeca-十五hexadeca-十六Heptadeca-十七Octadeca-十八Nonadeca-十九Arachidic-二十Methyl-甲基Ethyl-乙基Propyl-丙基Butyl-丁基Amyl-戊基2Hexyl-己基Heptyl-庚基Octyl-辛基Nonyl-壬基Decyl-癸基Cyclo-环Iso-异Hemi-半Semi-半Hemo-血Homo-同Holo-完全Heter(o)-杂，异，其它Ov-卵alkane烷烃paraffin石蜡olefin石蜡alkene烯烃alkyne炔烃alcohol醇ketone酮aldehyde醛phenol酚ether醚acid酸ester酯amine胺amide酰胺acylhalide酰卤halide卤代物quinone醌hyper-过于，超，极度super-过于，超，极度hypo-次，亚，在…之下per-高oligo-寡，少数的ortho-正-，邻-，（o-）meta-偏-，间-，(m-)para-傍-，对-，副-normal正-trans反-cis顺-benzyl苄基benzoyl苯甲酰（基）acetyl乙酰基propionyl丙酰基butyryl丁酰基thionyl亚硫酰基thio-硫-sulfonyl-磺酰fluoro-氟代chloro-氯代iodo-碘代bromo-溴代hydroxyl(l)-羟基carboxy(l)-羧基carbony(l)-羰基alkyl烷基alkoxyl烷氧基amido酰胺基amino氨基imino亚氨基sulfhydryl巯基guanidino胍基imidazole咪唑基methylol羟甲基methylene亚甲基primary伯-，一级secondary仲-，二级tertiary叔-，三级quaternary季-，四级2、词尾-ane-烷-ene-烯-yne-炔-enol-烯醇-ol-醇-al-醛-aldehyde-醛-one-酮-amine-胺-amide-酰胺-imine-亚胺-ate-盐，-酯3-ester-酯-ether-醚-ide-酐，-化--ite-亚盐-itol-糖醇-oside-糖苷-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-ose-醛糖-ulose-酮糖-an-聚糖-yl-基-genin-配基-ase-酶3有机酸与核苷酸Formicacid甲酸Acetica.乙酸Propionica.丙酸Butyrica.丁酸Caproica.己酸Heptoica.庚酸Caprylica.辛酸Caprica.癸酸Laurica.月桂酸Myristica.肉豆蔻酸Palmitica.棕榈酸（软脂酸）Palmitoleica.棕榈油酸Stearica.硬脂酸Oleica.油酸Linoleica.亚油酸Linolenica.亚麻酸eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Arachidonic花生四烯酸butannoic丁酸hexanoic己酸heptylate,heptanoate庚酸octanoic,octoic辛酸decanoic癸酸dodecanoic十二酸tetradecanoic十四酸hexadecanoic十六酸9-hexadecenoic十六-9-烯酸octadecanoic十八酸9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸9,12,15-octadecatrienoic十八碳三烯酸Arachidic二十酸5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic二十碳四烯酸13-docosenoic二十二碳-13-烯酸Citric柠檬酸Lactic乳酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Malic苹果酸Tartaric酒石酸Oxalic草酸Amber琥珀酸Fumaric富马酸Succinic琥珀酸Tannic丹宁酸Tannin单宁Benzoic苯甲酸Sorbic山梨酸Adenosine(A)腺苷Guanosine(G)鸟苷Cyridine(C)胞苷Uridine(U)尿苷Thymine(Thy)胸腺嘧啶Cytosine(Cyt)胞嘧啶Uracil(Ura)尿嘧啶Nucleicacid核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核酸Nucleoside核苷Ribose核糖Purine嘌呤Adenine(Ade)腺嘌呤Guanine(Gua)鸟嘌呤Pyrimidine嘧啶44糖类与脂类furanose呋喃糖pyranose吡喃糖arabinose阿拉伯糖xylose木糖ribose核糖glucose葡萄糖fructose果糖galactose半乳糖mannose甘露糖sorbose山梨糖fucose岩藻糖galacturonicacid半乳糖醛酸glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸oligosaccharide寡糖oligose寡糖polysaccharide多糖polyose多糖mucopolysaccharide粘多糖sucrose蔗糖maltose麦芽糖isomaltose异麦芽糖dextrin糊精cyclodextrin环状糊精amylose直链淀粉amylopectin支链淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素hemicellulose半纤维素pecticsubstances果胶质protopectin原果胶levulose左旋糖dextrose右旋糖monosaccharide单糖monose单糖monosaccharose单糖disaccharide双糖disaccharose双糖triose三碳糖tetrose四碳糖aldose醛糖Ketose酮糖homoglycan同（均）聚糖heteroglycan杂聚糖glycan聚糖glycosan聚糖glucan葡聚糖fructosan果聚糖xylan木聚糖mannan甘露聚糖hexosan己聚糖glycoside糖苷，配糖物glucosyl葡萄糖（基）glycerol甘油glycerine甘油glycoritol甘油酸盐glycerate甘油糖醇sorbitol山梨糖醇glucitol葡萄糖醇xylitol木糖醇mannitol甘露糖醇syrup糖浆goldensyrup糖蜜，佐餐糖浆molasses（废）糖蜜caramel焦糖，酱色molassesmass废糖蜜浆caramelize焦糖化saturatedfattyacid饱和脂肪酸glyceride甘油酯glycerinester甘油酯triglyceride甘油三酸酯tristearin三硬脂酸甘油酯glycerin单硬脂酸甘油酯triolein三油酸甘油酯phosphatide磷脂phospholipid磷脂glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂lecithin卵磷脂cephalin脑磷脂glycolipid糖酯choline胆碱inositol肌醇ethanolamine乙醇胺sterol固醇cholesterol胆固醇steroid类固醇化合物55、分析reagent试剂sequesteringagent螯合剂chelatingagent螯合剂qualitativeanalysis定性分析quantitativeanalysis定量分析methylred甲基红methylorange甲基橙neutralred中性红sensuousidentification感观鉴定opticalanalysis光学分析accuracy准确度precision精密度deviation偏差error误差visible-ultraviolet可见-紫外absorbance吸光度spectralcurve光谱曲线titrimetry滴定分析standardcurve标准曲线standardization标定fluorometry荧光分析法fluorescence荧光spectrometry光谱测定法massspectrometry质谱法volumetricflask容量瓶beaker烧杯flask烧瓶conicalflask三角瓶graduatedcylinder量筒funnel漏斗desiccator干燥器desiccant干燥剂dryingoven烘箱defecate用石灰澄清defect缺陷，疵病6、无机盐sodiumcarbonate碳酸钠sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodiumbisulphate硫酸氢钠Sodiumbisulphate亚硫酸氢钠phosphite亚磷酸盐phosphate磷酸盐disodiumphosphate磷酸氢二钠phosphide磷化物Mono-sodiumphosphate磷酸氢钠nitrate硝酸盐Nitrite亚硝酸盐Sulphur(S)硫Sulphuricacid硫酸Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸盐Sulphurousacid亚硫酸Sulphite(sulfite)亚硫酸盐Sulphide(sulfide)硫化物oxide氧化物fluoride氟化物fluorine氟chloride氯化物chlorine(Cl)氯bromide溴化物bromine(Br)溴iodide碘化物iodine(I)碘carbide碳化物silicate硅酸盐iodate碘酸盐Chloride漂白粉bleachingpowder漂白粉hightesthypochlorite漂白精Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Perchlorate高氯酸盐Chlorate正氯酸盐Hydroxide氢氧根离子Chlorinity氯含量Cyanide氰化物Cyanicacid氰酸67食品化学emulsifier乳化器，乳化剂emulsion乳浊液Glycerinmonostearate单硬脂酸甘油酯Soybeanphospholipid大豆磷脂spicery香料，佐料seasoning佐料，调味料seasoner佐料，调味料Seasoningmatter佐料，调味料Sweetorangeoil甜橙油Mandarinoil橘子油Lemonoil柠檬油Spearmintoil薄荷油vanillin香兰素maltol麦芽酚ethylmaltol乙基麦芽酚Activecarbon活性碳diatomaceous硅藻土kaolin高岭土，白陶土antifoamer消泡剂antiadhesive抗粘着剂Anti-cakingagent抗结块剂Benzylacetate乙酸苄酯antimold防霉剂Isoamylacetate乙酸异戊酯Antisepticagent消毒剂Sweetener甜味剂Antit