2011届高考英语二轮专题复习课件:第8讲 主谓一致

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例①Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts______causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have[解析]考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数形式,由此排除B、D两项,根据主语与caused的主动关系,排除A项。C第⑧讲主谓一致例②Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn[解析]考查主谓一致和时态。首先theonlyoneof…为先行词时,定语从句修饰的是one,即one是主语,而非后面的复数women,根据主谓一致的原则,谓语动词应该用单数,排除A、D。另外,从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯,因此要用一般现在时,排除C,故选B。B例③Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse______atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt[解析]考查动词时态,语态及主谓一致。由时间状语atpresent可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行,主语与所填词是被动关系;manya+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,由此可知本题选D。D例④SuchpoetsasShakespeare______widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some______difficulttounderstand.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is;are[解析]考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数,其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为someofwhoseworks,谓语动词也应是复数,故选A。A例⑤ThepopulationofJiangsu______tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing[解析]考查主谓一致和时态。thepopulation(人口)作主语的时候,谓语动词用单数的形式。现在的人口和1949年的人口相比较,强调到现在为止人口已经增长了,所以用现在完成时态。A主谓一致的原则在英语中运用中时时存在,最近几年的考查基本上都是和时态、语态结合在一起。考生备考可以从如下几个方面入手:1.不可数名词作主语,一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名,地名,机构名,书名等作主语,视为单数;有些不可数名词如news,maths,physics虽然以s结尾,但不是复数。Physicsisnoteasytounderstand.2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.意义(语法)一致原则3.“one,either,neither,eachof+复数名词或代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.4.Something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,noone等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常是单数。Nothingisimpossible.意义(语法)一致原则5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.6.aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof等量词修饰名词时,通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。Thispairofglassesisveryexpensive.Twoseriesofnewstampshavebeenordered.意义(语法)一致原则7.anumberof+复数名词,“许多……”,复数意义;thenumberof+复数名词,“……的数目”,单数意义。thepopulationof…“……的人口数量”作主语时,谓语用单数,但如果是分数、百分数、halfof,therestofthepopulation作主语时,谓语则用复数,具体指其中的多少人,复数意义。theaverageof…“……的平均数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。意义(语法)一致原则Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.ThepopulationofChinaislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.意义(语法)一致原则8.主语后with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介宾,不可能充当主语。)Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.意义(语法)一致原则9.“the+adj.”结构指人时,谓语动词用复数;如果表示抽象的概念,谓语动词用单数。Thedisabledarewelltakencareofinthiscountry.Thenewiscertaintoreplacetheold.10.分数,百分数,all,some,therest,halfof,mostof,partof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.意义(语法)一致原则11.主语为集合名词时,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果侧重其中的个体,谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有:army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成复数形式。HisfamilyareallsittinginthesofawatchingTV.意义(语法)一致原则12.当and连接两个并列主语,在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。另外,当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.意义(语法)一致原则必背:英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安breadandbutter黄油面包awatchandchain一块带链的表aknifeandfork刀叉acoatandtie配有领带的上衣aimandend目的truthandhonesty真诚意义(语法)一致原则13.what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。Whatsurprisedmemostwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.意义(语法)一致原则14.such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。SuchisStephenHawking,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.15.quantitiesof+名词作主语时,不论名词是可数还是不可数,谓语一律用复数。Everydayquantitiesoffoodarewasted.意义(语法)一致原则1.every/each/no+名词+andevery/each/no+名词作主语时,谓语用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.2.“one+单数名词+andahalf”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。3.“morethanone+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。形式一致原则4.“manya+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。注意:以上4种情况,如果从意义上来讲,主语有复数意义,但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的,故谓语用单数形式,谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。形式一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最邻近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,not…but…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.就近原则2.在倒装句中,谓语与后面第一个主语一致。①Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.②在therebe句型中,或当一个句子是由there或here引起,主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentyboystudentsandtwentythreegirl-studentsintheclass.Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.就近原则①Heistheonlyoneofmyclassmatesthat______mealotwithmaths.A.helpB.helpsC.ishelpingD.arehelping[解析]考查定语从句的主谓一致,当先行词前有theonly修饰且在定语从句中作主语,则定语从句的谓语动词用单数。B②Largequantitiesoffish______intheriverinthepastfewdays.A.werecaughtB.wascaughtC.hasbeencaughtD.havebeencaught[解析]凡是(large)quantitiesof修饰的名词作主语,谓语动词一律用复数;时间状语inthepastfewdays是现在完成时的标志。D③NotonlyIbutalsoJackandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.A.isB.amC.wasD.are[解析]notonly…butalso…用就近原则,因JackandIris为复数,故选D。D④Martin,withhiswife,bothworkinginthesamecompany,______decidedthattheywouldsendtheirlittledaughtertothenearestkindergarten.A.isB.areC.haveD.has[解析]考查主谓一致和时态。有“(together)with…”等介词短语结构出现的时候,根据介词短语前的名词来确定谓语的单复数形式,Martin是单数,故D正确。D⑤AllthatIneed______alargesumofmoneywithwhichtobuymywifeadiamondring.A.aretobeB.isC.areD.were[解析]all作主语,要视all的意思而定,在这里指物,故用单数;当all指“所有人”时,则视为复数,如Allpresentatthemeetingarelead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