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分词V-ing分词概述（一）一作主语Noddingtheheadmeansagreement,whileshakingitmeansdisagreement.Usingbodylanguageinacorrectwaywillhelpcommunicatewithpeopleandmakethestayinaforeigncountryeasyandcomfortable.二作宾语WouldyoumindgivingatalktodayaboutDNA?Ifthepopulationkeepsgrowingsoquickly,therewillonlybestandingroomleftforusnextcentury.三作表语Therealproblemisgettingallthematerialsreadybeforetheendofthismonth.Childrenareafraidofthestonefiguresinthetemplewhichlooksofrightening.四作介词宾语However,mostofthetime,peoplefromthetwocountriesdon’thaveanydifficultyinunderstandingeachother.Hetookalongsomeofhispicturesinthehopeofgettingajobthere.五作宾语补足语ItcouldbeveryinterestingtowatchanArabandanEnglishmantalkingtogether.ThenIlefthimstandingbythecountersohappythatIalmostenviedhim.Notes•1．V-ing分词在句中做主语或宾语时，可以带自己的逻辑主语。•例如：•Therearemanyreasonsforanimalsdyingout,butthemostimportantoneisthepartthathumanshaveplayed.•2.V-ing分词的否定式由not或never+V-ing构成。•例如：•Hewasdisappointedaboutnotbeingabletotakepartinthecompetition.•3．V-ing分词有体和语态的变化形式。•e.g.Inmanycountrieswithseacoasts,humanwasteispipeddirectlyintotheseawithoutbeingtreated.（一般被动式）•Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.----Iapologizeforhavingbeensoangrywithyou（完成主动式）•4．某些动词或只能用分词作宾语。常见的有：mind,escape,miss,practise,suggest,consider,keep,avoid,risk,finish,imagine,dislike,delayetc.ExercisesCompletethefollowingsentences,usingthewordsgiveninV-ingformandtrytotellthefunctionofeach.encourage,joke,barbecue,leave,live,become,cook,declare,forbid,get1.___________atipinarestauranthasbecomeacustominmostcountries.2.Thenewprogrammeofresearch-orientedstudyisaimedat__________studentstoraiseproblemsandthentosolvethemontheirown.3.Tomost,__________foodoverasmokyfirehasbecomeathingofthepast.However,_________remainspopularinAmerica.4.WhenSpaniardsarriveinArizona,theyfoundmanyIndiantribes_____________alongtheriverbanksandinthemountains.5.BritneySpears,PopPrincess,isonherwayto___________oneofthehottestpopstarsintheworld.6.AmaninSouthAfricaislikelytofaceupto25yearsinjailfor____________thathewascarryingabombonanairlineflight.7.ChurchauthoritiesweresurprisedatGalileo’s______________thattheearthmovedaroundthesun.8.Ican’tunderstandtheir______________togototheconcertgivenbytheBackstreetBoys.9.Casesofanthraxhavecausedworldwidefear.Whatpeoplearedoingnowis__________letterscontainingwhitepowderbeforeopeningthem.LeavingencouragingcookingbarbecuinglivingbecomingjokingdeclaringbeingforbiddengettingExercisesFillinthefollowingblankswiththerightverbforms.Afavouriteamusementinspaceis_______________(play)withone’sfood.Insteadof____________(carry)foodallthewaytotheirmouths,someexperiencedastronautslike________________(throw)foodfromspoons.Although_________(drink)coffeeseemslikethemostnaturalthingonearth,inspaceitwon’t___________(work).Ifyoutried__________(trip)thecupbacktotakeadrink,theweightlesscoffeewouldnot________(roll)out.Ifyoudon’tstart__________________(drink)yourblobwithastraw,itwillattachitselftothenearestwallorwindow.playingcarryingthrowing/tothrowdrinkingworktrippingrolldrinking/todrinkV-ing分词概述（二）一作名词的前置修饰语Whentheyreachedtheburningbuilding,theyfoundthattheirladderswerenotlongenoughtoreachthepeoplewhoweretrapped二作名词的后置修饰语EinsteinwasabletoprovethatlightcomingfromthestarswasbentasitpassedtheSun.(comingfromthestars相当于定语从句whichcomesfromthestars.)三作状语1Walkingslowlyacrossthegrass,hepointedthepipeatthelionandfired.（V-ing分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语是he；walking的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，相当于While/When(hewas)walkingslowlyacrossthegrass）2DrManette,havingbeenkeptaprisonerintheBastile,Paris‘smostimportantprison,formanyyears,hadrecentlybeensetfree.(V-ing分词短语在句中作时间状语，用的是完成被动式，意思相当于AfterDrManettehadbeenkept…formanyyears….)3Thepoorofthecitiesandthepeasantsinthecountry,havinglivedsuchahardlifeforsolong,tookuptheirgunsandknifesandbegantokilltherichnobles.(V-ing分词短语表示原因，其完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，其逻辑主语是thepoorofthecitiesandthepeasantsinthecountry，与句子主语一致。)4Thefishhaveverysharpteeth;theycaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlythebones.(分词短语作结果状语，其逻辑主语是thefish，与句子主语一致。)5Thespermwhalethereforehastolookforthesquid,usingsoundwaves.(V-ing分词短语表示行为方式；using与句子谓语动词hastolookfor同时发生。)6Pilesofstoneslieinacornerofthecourtyard,waitingtobereplaced.(V-ing分词短语表示与谓语动词lie同时发生的伴随动作；其逻辑主语是pilesofstones，与句子的主语一致。)V-ed分词概述一作表语OnequarteroftheshoresoftheMediterraneanarepolluted.(表示主语所处的状态。)二作宾语补足语1.Thenwetalkwithothers,wemakeourselvesunderstoodnotjustbywords.2.Inthemorningpeoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged.三作名词的前置或后置修饰语1.Whenwearrived,weweregivenprintedquestionpapers.2.Wehadourpicniclunchintheforestnexttoafallentree.(前置。fall是不及物动词，fallen在这里表示主动的完成意义。)3.ItcamefromtheworksongssungbyblackpeopleandhaditsrootsinAfrica.(后置。相当于定语从句…whichweresungbyblackpeople…)四作状语1Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecausetwo-thirdsoftheearth’ssurfaceismadeupofvastoceans.(作时间状语或条件状语，相当于When/Iftheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.)2Wellknownforhisexpertsadvice,hewasabletohelpagreatnumberofpeoplewiththeirpersonalaffairs.(作原因状语，相当于Ashewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hewas….)3Bittenbyasnake,youshouldsendforhelp.(作条件状语，相当于Ifyouarebi