林肯葛底斯堡演讲词Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.八十七年前我们的先辈在这块大陆上建立了一个新的国家,这个国家在争取自由中诞生,忠于人人生来平等这一信念。Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalresting-placeforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.目前我们正进行这一场伟大的国内战争,战争考验着以上述信念立国的我们或其他国家,是否能长期坚持下去。今天我们在这场战争的战场上集会,来把战场的一角奉献给为我们国家的生存而捐躯的人们,作为他们的安息之地。这是我们应该做的事。But,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate–wecannotconsecrate–wecannothallow–thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus–thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion;thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain;thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.但是,从更大的意义上说,我们无权把这块土地奉献给他们,我们不能使这块土地增加光彩,成为圣地。这是那些活着的或已经死去的、曾经在这里战斗过的英雄们才使这块土地成为神圣之土,我们无力使之增减一分。我们在这里说些什么,世人不会注意,也不会长期记住,但是英雄们的行动却永远不会被人们遗忘。这更要求我们这些活着的人去继续英雄们为之战斗并使之前进的未竟事业。我们还需要继续为摆在我们面前的伟大的事业献身——更忠诚于先烈们为之献出了生命的事业;我们决不能让先烈们的鲜血白流;——我们这个国家在上帝的保佑下,要争得自由的新生;这个民有、民治、民享的政府一定要永远在地球上存在下去。AbrahamLincolnandHisGettysburgAddress林肯和他的葛底斯堡演讲LateintheeveningofNovember17,1863WilliamSlade,aservantattheWhiteHouse,calledatthePresident’sstudytoseewhetherLincolnneededanything.SladewasafreecoloredmanfromVirginia.HisjobwasthebuyingoffoodusedintheWhiteHouse.LincolnlikedSlade,oftentalkedwithhim,askinghisopinionaboutdifferentmatters.1863年11月17日的深夜,白宫的一个佣人威廉·斯莱德走进总统的书房,问林肯是否还需要什么东西。斯莱德是个自由的黑人,来自弗吉尼亚州。他的工作是给白宫采购食品。林肯喜欢他,常常和他谈话并就各种问题征求他的意见。“Listentothis,William,”Lincolnsaid.“Seehowyouthinkitsounds.”Lincolnthenreadaloudtheshortspeechhehadwritten.“你听听这个,”威廉林肯说。“看你听了觉得怎么样。”林肯把写好的那篇短短的演讲稿大声地念给他听。“Ilikeit,Mr.President,”Sladesaid.“Itsoundsgood.”斯莱德说:“很好,总统先生,听起来挺不错。”ButLincolnhimselfwasmotatallsatisfiedwithwhathehadwritten.Thenextday,onthetraintoGettysburg,heagainworkedonthespeechbriefly.Laterthatsameevening,inthesmallGettysburghotelroomwherehestayedthatnight,hedidsomemoreworkonit.Lincolnwasphysicallyverytired.Hismindwastroubledbythemanyseriousproblemsofwarandgovernment.Itwasdifficultforhimtothink.可是林肯自己却对他写的一点也不满意。第二天,在前往葛底斯堡的火车上,他对稿子又略加修改。晚上在他所住的葛底斯堡旅馆的小房间里,他又把讲稿再推敲了一番。林肯很累。战争和政府的许多严重的问题困扰着他,思想很难集中。Inanycase,thespeechwasshort–whichwasthewayLincolnwantedit.Hewasmotthemainspeaker.ThespeakerofthedaywasEdwardEverett.recognizedasprobablythegreatestoratoroftheperiod.Everettwasalsoaverydistinguishedman.HehadbeengovernorofMassachusetts,ambassadortoGreatBritain,presidentofHarvardCollege.TherealreadyexistedfourprintedvolumesofEverett’spublicspeeches.但是,这篇演讲很短,林肯就要它短。那天的主要发言人是爱德华·艾弗莱特,不是林肯。爱德华·艾弗莱特要算是当时最有口才的演说家了。他是一位杰出的人物,当过马萨诸塞州的州长,美国驻英国大使和哈佛大学的校长。他的演说集已经出了四册。Lincoln,ontheotherhand,wasnotconsideredanorator.Hewasagoodpoliticalspeaker,andinhispoliticalcampaignshadprovenhimselfquitecapable.Butonthisoccasionsomethingmoreseriouswasdemanded.Atfirst,theofficialsinchargeoftheceremonyhadnotevenwantedtoinviteLincoln.Lincolnreceivedonlyaprintednoticeoftheevent.Butlater,twoweeksbeforetheactualceremony,hewasasked,mainlyforpoliticalreasons,to“sayafewwords”atthecloseofMr.Everett’saddress.Eventhen,someofthenewspapersobjected,claimingthatthePresidentwassuretotakeadvantageofthesituationtomakeapoliticalshow.而林肯并没有认为他擅长演讲,但他能做很好的政治讲话,在政治活动中显示了充分的才干。但是这个场合对林肯提出了更高的要求。本来负责组织这次典礼的官员根本不想请林肯,后来主要出于政治上的考虑,在举行仪式的两周前才给他发了一个打印的通知,请他在艾弗莱特先生演讲之后“讲几句话”。即使如此,有些报纸还反对,说什么总统肯定会利用这次机会大捞政治资本。Ateleveno’clockthefollowingmorning,theparadefromthetownofGettysburgtothecemeterybegan.Lincolnrodeahorse.Thosewhosawhimsaidthathebentforwardevenmorethanusual,lookedparticularlywornandtired.Thegrouparrivedattheplacesetfortheceremonyataboutelevenfifteen.Mr.Everetthadnotyetcome.Bandsplayedcontinuouslytopassthetime.Atnoon,Mr.Everettfinallyappeared.第二天上午十一点从葛底斯堡到墓地的游行开始了。林肯骑在马上。当时看见他的人说他比平时更加弯腰躬背,显得特别疲劳。大约十一时十五分,游行队伍不断奏乐以消磨时间。中午时分,艾弗莱特先生总算来了。Thereweresome15,000peoplepresent.OntheplatformwithLincolnsatstategovernors,armyofficers,foreignambassadors,membersofcongress.Mr.EverettfirstaddressedthePresident,thenbeganhislongexpectedspeech.Hisspeechwastypicaloftheextendedandcolorfulpublicspeakingofthatperiod.Amongotherthings,hetouchedonthegeographyofthearea,thethreedaybattle,Europeanhistory,Greekhistory,State’sRights.Thespeechlastedforanhourandfifty-sevenminutes.Atitsclose,theaudienceansweredwithapplausewhichwasproperlyloudandlong.那天的会约有一万五千人出席。和林肯一起坐在主席台上的有各州州长、军官、外国大使、议员等。艾弗莱特先生先向总统致意,然后发表人们引颈以待的长篇演说。他的演说是当时流行的那种词藻华丽而又冗长的典型。他谈到葛斯底堡一带的地理,三天的战争,欧洲、希腊的历史,州的权力问题,等等,等等。讲了一小时五十七分钟。结束时,