··1/4PFO。PFO。PFO、、、。PFO、PFOPFO《》。R541.7R543.3A1009-7236201504-373-07DOI10.13191/j.chj.2015.01062015-4-131712http//.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1268.R.20150413.1712.001.htmlEmailzys2889@sina.comEmailxyangz@yahoo.com.cnRecommendationsfromChineseexpertsonmanagementofpatientswithpatentforamenovaleChineseCollegeofCadiovascularPhysiciansAbstractPatentforamenovalePFOisacommondevelopmentanomalythatallowsforthepassageofbloodandothersubstancesfromtheright-sidedvenoustotheleftarterialcirculation.DuringrecentyearsthepathogeniceffectsofPFOhavearousedtheattentionofexpertsandscholars.PFOisassociatedwithcryptogenicstrokemigraineandplatypneaorthodeoxiasyndromebutuncertaintyremainsabouttheexactrelationshipandthebestmanagement.PercutaneousclosureofPFOissafeandeffectiveandthisprocedurehasbeendefinitelyproventobebetterthanmedicaltherapy.Paradoxicalembolismisarareeventoccurringoverdecadesratherthanyears.Noneofthe4randomizedtrialspublishedcarriedenoughpatientsorwasfollowedupforlongenoughtoreachsuperiorityendpoints.AlldatahoweverpointtoabenefitofPFOclosure.Theyareoutweighedbythesupposedlypreventedeventsofparadoxicalembolismssuchasstroketransientischemicattacksorothersystemicembolisms.Medicaltreatmentwithperhapstheexceptionoflifelongoralanticoagulationprovideslessprotection.A10-yearfollow-upofacomparativestudyreportsthattheannualmortalityinthepatientswithPFOclosure0.4%issignificantlylowerthanthatinthosewithmedicaltreatment1.1%P<0.05.Howevertheevidence-basedresearchisstillcontroversia.Keywordspatentforamenovalecryptogenicstroketranscatheterclosure5~7、patentforamentovalePFO。25%~34%1。PFOPFO。PFO、、、·373·ChinHeartJ2015274PFOPFO、-。2~4。PFO《》。1PFOPFO。PFOPFO。PFO3~18mm8mm。PFO1~19mm4.9mm。McKenzie5PFO1103.4mm10105.8mm5.1mm5.6mm4.7mm。PFOPFOPFO≥4.0mm、PFO2.0~3.9mmPFO≤1.9mm3TEEPFO。PFOPFOPFO67PFO<8mm、atrialsep-talaneurysmASA、valvulaEu-stachiiVEChiari、≤6mmASD。PFO。PFO3~5mmHg1mmHg=0.133kPaPFO。PFO、right-leftshuntRLS、、、、、ValsalvaRLS。2PFO。2%~16%。、、。①PFORLS②③。。PFO、RLS。PFO、RLS。>4mmPFOtransientischemiaattachTIA8~10。PFOASA、VEChiari11。RESPECTASARLSPFO3。DeCastro12>6.5mmPFO-RLS。3PFO3.1PFOPFOTTE、TEEcTCD13CTMRI。3.1.1TTEcTTE、TTEPFO。TTEPFO。TTE“”PFO。TTEPFOcTTEcTTE63%~100%14。cTTE13~17。Valsalva。Valsalva、cTTE。Valsalva。cTTERLSPAVMs。3~5RLSPFO5PAVMs。·473·ChinHeartJ2015274RLSRLS0RLSⅠ1~10/RLSⅡ11~30/RLSⅢ>30/RLS。3.1.2TEEcTEETEEPFO“”。TEETTE。cTTEPFORLSTEEPFOPFOPFO、、、、。TEEPFOPFOVal-salva。cTTEcTEERLS。TEEValsalvaPFORLScTEEPFO-RLScTTE15。3.1.3TEETEEPFOPFO。3.1.4cTCDcTCDRLSValsalvaRLS。cTCD0RLSⅠ1~201~10RLSⅡ≥20≥10、RLSⅢcurtainshowerRLS。cTCDRLS。cTCDRLS68%~100%65%~100%cTTE97%~100%1617。3.2PFOcrypto-genicstrokeCSPFO。、PFO。PFO18PFO34.2%vs.3.1%P<0.0123.1%vs.5.9%P<0.01。CSPFOPFOOR1.54P<0.0119。<55、PFO。、。。Kent20RoPEPFO、、、、TIARoPEPFO。、-TTE/cTTEPFO。PFOTEE。PFOPFOASA、PFO>6.5mm、PFORLS。4PFO4.1PFO4.1.1PFO35%~40%21。PFO2223PFOCS。HommaSacco24<55CS46%93/202PFO11%29/271。Alsheikh-Ali25CSPFOOR2.9<55OR5.1CSPFO33%PFO“”。CSPFO26DiTullio271110%。4.1.2PFO2829PFO、。303819PFO0.47%TIA0.85%。Wahl29308PFO100.4%vs.1.1%P=0.0350%TIA。3PFOCLOSUREⅠPCRESPECT31。、RESPECT·573·ChinHeartJ2015274AmplatzerPFOPFO63.4%72.7%3。StarFlexCLOSUREIRESPECTPCmetaAmplatzerPFO3132。3334Amplatzer、StarFlexHelex3429639309AmplatzerStarFlex。Amplatzer77.1%Helex20.9%StarFlex1.7%0.4%。CSAmplatzerPFO。CLOSE、DEFENSEPFOREDUCE。4.2PFO4.2.1PFO6%15%~17%。1998DelSette3541%16%PFO-RLSPFO。36PFO14.6%~66.5%PFO26.8%~96.0%。3766.1%、36.1%28%PFO-RLS。Heij39PFOASA。Davis38PFO。4.2.2PFO2000Wilm-shurstPFOPFO40~42。PFO28.6%~92.3%4.17%~64.3%13.6%~82.9%0%~68.2%36。PFO83%10%42。MISTPFO436。42%。StarFlex。Butera44MIST11PFO46%95%CI25%~67%83%95%CI78%~88%。2014TCT———PRIMAAmplatzerPFO10%、40%40%。5PFOPFOTIA。PICSS45PFOCS213.2%216.5%。〔3~5mg/kg·d75mg/d〕。deepveinthrombo-sisDVT。。。46PFOASA。66.1①CSTIAPFO~RLSDVT②PFO~RLS③PFO/~RLS④-PFO~RLS⑤PFOPFOASA、PFO、PFORLS⑥18~60CS。6.2①PFORLS②PFORLS③PFO④PFO、⑤PFO。6.3①、、②3③·673·ChinHeartJ2015274④⑤PFO⑥2。6.4PFO6.4.1、、PFO。CTMRI。cTTETEEPFO-RLSPFO、。48h3~5mg/kg175mg11h。6.4.2PFOASD。PFOPFO。1/3PFO。1/3PFO。JPFOPFO。82PFO。31/46。PFO。。PFOASD。ASDPFO。StarFlexHelexPFOPFO。AmplatzerPFO。PFOASAPFOASD。CardioSEAL/StarFlex、AmplatzerASDPFO、HelexPremereTMPFOAmplatzerPFO。AmplatzerPFOASD18/18mm、18/25mm、30/30mm25/35mm。PFO。ASDPFOPFOASAPFO。PFO18/25mm25/35mm。PFOASA、PFO、25/35mm30/30mmPFO。18/18mm。PFO。PFO。。6.4.348h3~5mg/kg·d200mg/d675mg/d3。。3、61、cTTEcTCDRLS。PFOASD。34StarFlex7.5%Amplatzer3.1%。1%。7PFOPFO。8PFOPFO。·773·ChinHeartJ20152741PFO*PFOASA、PFORLSPFO、PFOVEChiari。1HagenPTScholzDGEdwardsWD.Incidenceandsizeofpatentforamenovaleduringthefirst10decadesoflifeanautopsystudyof965normalheartsJ.MayoClinProc198459117-20.2FurlanAJReismanMMassaroJetal.ClosureormedicaltherapyforcryptogenicstrokewithpatentforamenovaleJ.NEnglJMed201236611991-999.3CarrollJDSaverJLThalerDEetal.ClosureofpatentforamenovaleversusmedicaltherapyaftercryptogenicstrokeJ.NEnglJMed2013368121092-1100.4MeierBKalesanBMattleHPetal.PercutaneousclosureofpatentforamenovaleincryptogenicembolismJ.NEnglJMed2013368121083-1091.5MckenzieJAEdwardsWHaglerDJ.Anatomyofthepatentfora-menovalefortheinterventionalistJ.CatheterCardiovaseInterv2009736821-826.6OnoratoECasilliF.Influ