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胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题Chapter7Language,CultureandSociety[注：第六章无测试题]I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.A.PsycholinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.Generallinguistics2.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits__________.A.useofwordsB.useofstructuresC.accentD.morphemes3.__________isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.A.RegionalvariationB.LanguagevariationC.SocialvariationD.Registervariation4._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.A.GeographicalbarriersB.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeechC.PhysicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochangeD.Socialbarriers5._________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.A.LanguageinterferenceB.LanguagechangesC.LanguageplanningD.Languagetransfer6._________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.A.RegionalvariationB.ChangesinemotionsC.VariationinconnotationsD.Stylisticvariation7.A____isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.A.linguafrancaB.registerC.CreoleD.nationallanguage8.Although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.A.vernacularlanguagesB.creolesC.pidginsD.sociolects9.Innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.A.female;maleB.male;femaleC.old;youngD.young;old10.Alinguistic_______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A.slangB.euphemismC.jargonD.tabooII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)11.Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.12.Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.13.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.14.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.15.Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.16.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.17.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.18.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.19.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeech__________.22.Speech__________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethana__________varietyofalanguage.24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguage__________.25.Socialvariationgivesriseto__________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.26.__________variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationalor__________languageofacountry.28.Thestandardlanguageisa__________,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,or__________languages.30.Apidgintypicallylacksin__________morphemes.IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)31.Linguafranca32.Regionaldialect33.Register34.SociolinguisticsV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)35.IsAmericanEnglishsuperiortoAfricanEnglish?Whyorwhynot?（中国人民大学，2003）36.Ifwetakeitasrulethatlanguageisintimatelyrelatedtoculture,thenhowdothekinshipwords,suchasuncleandaunt,reflecttheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese?（东北师范大学，2004）VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)37.Explainthedifferencesbetweenregistersandregional/socialdialects.Giveexamplesifnecessary.（东北师范大学，2005）答案I.1~5BCAAC6~10DACADII.11~15FTFFF16~20TFTFFIII.21.community22.variety23.dialectal24.planning25.sociolects26.Stylistic27.official28.superposed29.vernacular30.inflectionalIV.31.Linguafranca:Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasacommonspeechforsocialcontactamonggroupsofpeoplewhospeaksdifferentnativelanguagesordialects.32.Regionaldialect:Regionaldialect,alsosocialorclassdialect,isaspeechvarietyspokenbythemembersofaparticulargrouporstratumofaspeechcommunity.33.Register:Register,alsosituationaldialect,referstothelanguagevarietyappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituationsonwhichdegreesofformalitydepends.34.S