11、both…and…(复数),either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso以上三个就近原则2、other+名词=others(泛指),theother+名词=theothers(特指)3、one…,theother…一个…,另一个…4、sometimes=attimes有时候,sometime一段时间,sometimes几次,sometime某个时候intime及时,ontime准时,foratime一度,暂时6、eventhough尽管,虽然8、because跟句子,becauseof跟名词短语或doing10、either两者之一,(单数)neither两者都不,(单数)both两者都,(复数)11、alittle不可数,(肯定);little不可数,(否定);afew可数,(肯定);few可数,(否定)12、be/getusedtodoingsth习惯做某事usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用来(做)某事(用途)14、thought(think的过去式,“思考、考虑、想法”),though(虽然),through(空间穿过)16、death死的名词,bedead死的形容词,die死的动词,died是die的过去式,dying是die的现在分词。17、another+名词单数,再一个,另一个18、other+名词=others,泛指,其它的19、theother+名词复数=theothers特指,其它的20、anyother+名词单数,任何的,其它的…21、therewill+be将有…;thereisgoingto+be打算有…;thereneedtobe需要有…24.see/hear/find/watchsb.dosth.改为被动语态时,应是这样:Sb.beseen/heard/found/watched/made/lettodosth.(两个动词用to隔开)25.enough在名词前,在形容词或副词后26.few,afew+可数名词复数;little,alittle+不可数名词(没有复数);few和little表示否定;afew和alittle表示肯定.28.lookforwardto+V-ing;payattentionto+V-ing29.think,believe,suppose(猜想)否定前置即:Idon’tthink…30.excited,interested,bored,surprised,relaxed(修饰人)exciting,interesting,boring,surprising,relaxing(修饰物)32.south(n.)南方southern(adj.)南方的;north北方,northern北方的;east东方,eastern东方的;west西方,western西方的33.leave离开某地,把某物留在那里(left),leavefor动身出发去某地34.arrivein/at,getto,reach+地点(到达某地)35.花费Ittakes(took)sb.money/timetodosth,cost(物作主语,花钱),spendmoney/time(in)doing/onsth.(人作主语,花钱、时间)pay(money)forsth.(人作主语,花钱)36.bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求bestrictinsth.对某事严格要求37.join+组织,joinin+活动takepartin+活动41.ill只能放在系动词之后作表语(Heisill/sick)。sick可作表语也可放在名词之前作定语(Thesickpeople)(不能说theillpeople)43.sothat/inorderthat+句子(目的是,为了);inorderto+动词原形(为了…)too…to+动词原形(太…而不能)such+a/an…+名词+that…;so+adj/adv+that+句子;(如此…以致…)44.hearof/aboutsb听说某人,hearfromsb.收到某人的来信45.happen(意外)发生,takeplace(计划)发生,happento碰巧happen和takeplace都没有被动语态。(Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinrecentyears.近年来发生了很多变化。)bedifferentfrom(adj.),与…不同difference(n.)borrow…from…借入lend…to…借出ratherthan(常和preferto搭配,后接V原),2(prefertodoratherthando)宁可做前者的事而不做后者的事(preferdoingtodoing)宁可做前者的事而不做后者的事insteadof+n./V-ing,(放中间)instead(放句尾,前有逗号)toomany+可数名词,toomuch+不可数名词,muchtoo+adj.question(较易的)(学习上的)问题problem通常指较难的问题(生活上)between在…之间(两者)among在…之间(三者或三者以上)cross动词横穿,across介词横穿(表面)through介词穿过(从里面,空间),pass动词经过(从旁边)past介词经过(从旁边)(也指时间的经过)inspiteof+n./V-ing;although/though+从句(都是尽管的意思,不能与but连用)onearth究竟,在地球上ontheearth在地球上bemadeof由……制造(看得出原材料)bemadefrom由……制造(看不出原材料)bemadein+地点(在…制造)bemadeupof(由…组成)intheend=atlast=finally最后attheendof在……的末尾/结束时bytheendof到……末为止besides除..之外还…,except=but除..之外,(不包括在内),exceptfor除..之外,不包括在内(多指一件事)take拿走bring带来fetch去拿来thenumberof……的数量(谓语动词用单数)anumberof许多+可数名词(谓语动词用复数)aboveall最重要的是,尤其是,特别是firstofall首先afterall毕竟wish,hope后都可接从句或不定式(todosth.),但不能说hopesb.todosth.在……之后(in用于一般将来时)(after用于一般过去时或现在时)each强调个体,可接ofevery强调整体,不可接ofwork工作(不可数名词),;work著作(可数名词);job可数名词(ajob)So+助/系/情态动词+主…“对方也一样”(Youlikedrawing.SodoI.)(肯定)Neither/nor+助/系/情态动词+主……“对方也不一样”(Youdon’tlikedrawing.Neither/NordoI)(否定)So+主+助/系/情态动词“……的确如此”(Itissunnytoday.Soitis.)sell\write\happen\takeplace没有被动语态。fewer修饰可数名词,比较级,(fewermistakes./people)less修饰不可数名词,比较级(lesspollution)howlong问时间多长(用for),howmany问可数的多少,howmuch问价钱以及不可数的多少howfar问路程的多远,howsoon问将来的多快(用in),howoften问频率的隔多久lookingforwardtodoingsth期待做某事/giveone’slifetodoingsth献身于…payattentiontodoing注意、集中精神做某事ausefulbook,auniversitystudent,anhour,anumbrella,ans,ane,anf,anl,anm,ann,anx,ana,womenteachers,mendoctorsJackandTom’sfather(共同的,单数),Jack’sandTom’sfathers(各自的,复数)thepoor(the+adj复数)the+姓氏复数(一家人,复数)one表示同名不同物it表示同名同物一个半小时:oneandahalfhours=onehourandahalf分数表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加s.五分之四(fourfifths)well形容词是身体好的意思,副词是好的意思,名词是井的意思。too(句末,肯定),either句末,(否定)also(句子中间);三者都是也的意思100.the+比较级ofthetwo(两者中较…的一个)101.the+比较级,the+比较级,(越…就越…)(Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.)102.比较级+and+比较级,越来越…(fatterandfatter,moreandmoredelicious)103.as+形容词原形…as,(与…一样);notas/so原形…as(与…不一样)104.even,far,much,alittle+比较级(muchmorebeautiful)105.enough放在形容词、副词后面;名词的前或后面。3106.befamousfor因为…而出名,befamousas作为…角色而出名107.with用..工具,in用材料、方式、方法、语言、声音、颜色108.afriendofmine我的一个朋友109.or有选择、否则的意思unless除非、if如果、是否and和,并列关系,but但是,转折关系;though/although虽然,尽管,不能与but连用,so所以,不能与because连用110.主句(过去时ed)when+从句(过去进行时doing)主句(过去进行时doing)while+从句(过去进行时doing),while还有然而的意思111.can’tbe不可能,mustn’t不允许,不准,needn’t不需要,won’t不会,maybe有可能(语气少),mustbe一定是(语气强)May…?No,…mustn’t/can’t.Must…?No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.112.setoff动身,出发,putoff延期turnoff关闭setup建立115.被动语态的词组不分开。(Heistakencareofbyher.)116.takeplace,happen,write,sell,begin,come,go,look,feel,smell,taste,sound无被动语态。117.becoveredwith被覆盖,befullof=befilledwith用…装满,填满(Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow.)(Thestreetisfullof/isfilledwithpeople.)130.reduce减少produce生产provide提供133.with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,except,including,inadditionto就远原则。134.people\police(动词用复数),family/team/class/group(整体用单数,成员用复数。)135.shoes,glasses,trousers,socks,用复数,如果有pair由pair决定动词的单、复数。Therebe某地有某物(就近原则)136.延续性动词(现在完成时):borrow-kept,buy-had,leave-beenaway,open-beenopen,die-beendead,begin-beenon,come/go-beenin,join-beenin+组织/beena+成员等137.主句(现在完成时)+since/eversince+从句(一