供应链管理的价值2

TheCharacteristicsofSupplyChainManagementComplexity,Variability,ConflictingObjectives2003AndersenConsulting1OrderResponseTimeProductAvailabilityLeadTimeOrderChangesDueDatePerformanceResourceInvestmentAssetProductivityInventorySupplier&CapacityContractsLevelofServiceCostofServiceTheBusinessChallenges2003AndersenConsulting2ComplexityVariabilityConflictingObjectivesWhatarethecharacteristicsofSupplyChanManagement,whyisitsohardtomanage?2003AndersenConsulting3ComplexityLeadTimesLimitFlexibilityLittleorNoPredictabilityandPoorProductMixJanuary?????????????????????????????ChronicCapacityShortagesCurrentProcessesandStructuresInhibitPerformanceInventoryUsedtoCoverProblemsComplicationsintheElectronicsIndustryComplexityinComponent/SemiconductorManufacturing•Masscustomization•Personalization•Productmixeffectsoncapacity•Multipleoptions•Contractedvs.ownedcapacity•Combinedmake-to-forecastandmake-to-order•InvertedBOM•Binning•Multi-stageglobalproduction2003AndersenConsulting4UncertaintyinthesupplychainresultsinsignificantvariabilityEarlyOn-timeLateEarlyOn-timeLateUnderForecastOverEarlyOn-timeLateCustomerDemandSupplierPerformanceManufacturingCustomerDeliveriesRawMaterialsFinishedGoods•PastPerformance•MarketResearch•AnalyticalTechnique•IncentivePrograms•Responsiveness•Transportation•Location•Quality•ProcessDesign•ProductDesign•Capacity•QualityByTomDavis2003AndersenConsulting5SupplyChannelOrdersActualLaunchRealShortageReturns/CancellationsOver-SupplyChannelFillandPhantomDemandTargetLaunchEndofLifeTrueEndCustomerDemandUnitsPerPeriodTimeMultipleforecastsandunreliablefulfillmenttodaycreatethebullwhipeffect.2003AndersenConsulting6Shortenedproductlifecyclehasincreasedtheuncertainty.Ramp-upOngoingEndofLifeRamp-upOngoingEndofLifeRoleofInventoryHighUsualLowCostofShortageHighUsualLowCostofOverageLowUsualHighByProfessorHauL.Lee,StanfordUniversity2003AndersenConsulting7VariabilityNatural•Demand•Materialsupply•Production•DistributionSelf-Introduced•Replenishmentstrategies•Planningprocesses•Inventorystrategies2003AndersenConsulting8TraditionalfunctionalalignmentscontinuetoimpedeSupplyChainPerformance.—MisalignedFunctionalGoals&Behaviors—PurchasingManufacturingDistributionSales&CustomerServiceGoal:Behavior:LowestpurchasepriceHighestutilizationLowestcost100%customersatisfactionLongleadtimesHighrawmaterialinventorylevelLongrunlengthsInflexibleschedulesHighWIPinventoryLongorderfilltimesInflexibleschedulesHighinventoriesPromiseflexibility2003AndersenConsulting9ConflictingObjectives-ManufacturingLittle’sLawLittle’sLawAssetUtilizationWIPINVCycleTimeVariabilityWIPCycleTimeVariability2003AndersenConsulting10ConflictingObjectives-CustomerLittle’sLawAssetUtilizationWIPINVCycleTimeVariabilityOrderResponseTimeEarlyWarningsDueDatePerformanceFillRates2003AndersenConsulting11ConflictingObjectives-CorporateLittle’sLawAssetUtilizationWIPINVCycleTimeVariabilityOrderResponseTimeEarlyWarningsDueDatePerformanceFillRatesMarketShareProfitMarketRisk