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表示“强调某种状态在特定明显或不明显”的句型Thisisespeciallytrueif/whenweconsiderthefactthat/whenitcomesto/intermsof当我们考虑··的时候，这一点尤为正确Itisnotevenalwaystruethat······并不是总是正确的·Inclineto=tendto倾向于·Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal)accessto获得/得到直接/自由/容易/方便/不受限制/受限制/平等/接近的机会e.g.Menandwowenshouldhaveequalaccesstoeducationandemployment.·BeaccompaniedbyB伴随A·Beentitledto=beeligibleto=beauthorisedto使享有权利，使符合资格e.g.theprivatelyinsuredareentitledtospecialbenfitssuchashavingthechoicepftheirowndoctors,andbeingabletoavoidelongwaitinglistsforhospitalbeds.·Haveandwillcontinueto现在是并且将来也会继续···e.g.Educationhasbeenandwillcontinuetobecentraltothecountry’seconomicperformanceinthe21stcentury.·Giveriseto=bringabout=create=generate=provoke(负面的)=evoke引起，造成e.g.Computershavebroughtaboutmanychangesintheworkplace.Have/exertaninfluence/impact/effectonsb/sth起···作用Playaroleinsth扮演···角色·正面:Considerable/enormous/dominant/profound/crucial/beneficial(favourable)/stablizing/pervasive/substantial/lasting/formative相当大的/巨大的/起支配作用的/深远的/有利的/稳定的/广泛的/实际的/(对成长或发展)重大作用·负面:adverse(unfavourable)/corrupting/destructive(devastating/disruptive)不利的/腐蚀的/破坏的Haveinherentadvantages/disadvantages有内在的优点/缺点e.g.Intermsofenvironmentalprotection,exportingagriculturalproductsbymeansofairtransportationhasitsinherentdisadvantages.·Beinapositiontodo有条件去做e.g.Becauseoftheexistenceofexpresstransportsuchasairfreight,peopleinfrigidzoneareinapositiontoacquiremorenutritiousfoodandvegetablefromthetropicalzone.·Beadouble-edgedsword···是一把双刃剑·Equipsbwithsth=furnishsbwithsth装备，使有能力，向···提供·Turnon=hingeon取决于e.gTheenvironmentalprotectionhingesontheactualactionbythecivilians.·AisakeydeterminantofBA是B的决定因素e.g.Inanindividual’scareer,tenacityisakeydeterminantofsuccess.·Beanunderlyingfactorin···是···潜在/隐含力量e.g.Humancuriosityisanunderlyingfactorinthegrowingpopularityofnewspapers·Rely(almostexclusively)on=dependon(几乎全)依靠e.g.Childrenshouldnotalwaysrelyonparent’shelp.·Beconsideredas=bethinkofas=beacknowledgedas=beregardedas被认为是·Beserved/usedasabrenchmark·Itturnedoutthat=turnouttobe证明是E.g.theadvancementoftechnologyturnsoutbeconducivetothemankinds.·Beconfrontedwith···=Inthefaceof···面临着e.g.beconfrontedwith/inthefaceoffierce/stiff/intensecompetition·Deserve/require(careful/full/serious/sufficient/special)consideration需要仔细/全面/认真/足够/特别考虑Takesthintoconsideration/account考虑到，顾及AandBarenotmutuallyexclusive两者并不互相排斥e.g.Thistwooptionsarenotmutuallyexclusive.·Benoexceptionto···也不例外e.g.Thereisnoexceptiontothisruleinmodernorinaccenttimes.·Doesnotnecessarilymean并不必然意味着····benowacommonplace···司空见惯的事·AandBalike两者都，同样地·Reachsaturationpoint到达饱和程度·Endup+doing/adj/insth以···告终(c).插入语和衔接词Inessence本质上·Intermsof就···而言·Asthecasemaybe,句子or主语+谓语,asthecasemaybe,宾语根据具体情况而定，视情况而定e.g.Studentsshouldbegivensufficientautonomyindecidingthecoursestheytakeasthecasemaybe.·Moreoftenthannot,句子.通常，往往e.g.Moreoftenthannotitisthesemomentsthatseparatethevictorsfromtherest–becausetheyneverdespair,andpressonwhenothersfade.往往就是这些时刻将成功者与其他人区分开来——因为成功者从不绝望，会在他人放弃时选择坚持下去。表示“依我而言”的词组Frommypointofview,Frommyperspective,Tomymind,Inmyopinion,Tomywayofthinking关于Bynomeans的应用Bebynomeansanexclusive/auniqueway绝不是唯一的方法Bebynomeansconfinedto···绝不局限于e.g.Povertyanddeprivationarebynomeansconfinedtothenorthofthecountry.Bebynomeansfortuitous/coincidential绝非偶然e.g.Theoccurrenceofsuchthingsisbynomeansfortuitous/coincidentalBebynomeansisolated绝非孤立/个别e.g.Suchcases,thoughnotprevalent,arebynomeansisolated.Bebynomeansseparatedfrom绝不应该脱离e.g.Theoryshouldbynomeansbeseparatedfrompractice.理论绝对不应该脱离实际Bebynomeanscertain仍未确定的e.g.Itisbynomeanscertainthatgenetricallymodifiedfoodwillbenefithumansinthefuture.转基因食品能否在未来有益于人类仍是不确定的Bebynomeansaperfectway绝非完善的方法e.g.Thisisbynomeansaperfectwaytosolvetheproblem.表示例证的句型···isagoodcaseinpoint=oneexamplewillsufficetoillustratethispoint=atelling(有说服力的)/notorious(臭名昭著的)exampleis···=···isarepresentativeof···表示大量的词组A+形容词+numberof+可数名词+谓语动词复数A+形容词+amountof+不可数名词+谓语动词单数(time/money/information/help/data)大量的:Massive/considerable/enormous/tremendous不成比例的:disproportionate小量的:Limited/moderate/smallAwiderangeof=avast/impressivearrayof=awealthof=ahostof=avarietyof表示“一系列”的词组Aseriesof=achainof=asequenceof表示“等等”的词组andsoforth=andsoon=andthelike表示程度的短语infullmeasure最大程度地，最大限度地innosmall/some/large/equalmeasure在很大/某种/很大/同样程度上Tosome/acertainextent在某种/一定程度上Toalesserextent其次表示“关于，谈及到，就···而言”的词组WhenitcomestoWithrespecttoInregardtoInrelationto表示某个时间段的词组Inthemidstof正值···时候Amid+名词词组在···当中Underthewaveof+名词在···浪潮中表示伴随状态的词组Withtherapiddevelopmentof···随着···快速发展Withtheadventof···随着···时代的来临Withtheproliferationof···随着···扩散Withthehugeexpansionof···随着···扩张表示“不管”的词组Regardlessof=irrespectiveof表示“考虑到，鉴于”的词组Inthelightof=inviewof表示“更不用说”的词组nottomention+sth=letalone表示“(对社会规则的)遵从，遵守”的词组Inconformitywith=incompliancewith=inaccordancewith表示“除了之外”的词组Apartfrom···=Otherthan···表示“连锁反应”的词组Dominoeffect多米洛骨牌效应Knock-oneffect连锁反应(d).积极关系Bemade(readily/freely/publicly/generally)availablefor/tosb可以容易/免费/让公众/普遍得到e.g.Freemedicalcaremustbemadeavailableforthosetoopoortodoso.·Provide/givesbdeep/