儒家德治思想及其价值的现代阐释

[],,,,,,[][]B222[]A[]1002-2627(2004)01-0016-11,,,,,,,,,:(1959),,,,;,310028©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:!!,!!;,!(),,;,,,,,,,;,:,,,,,,,,,:,!(),,,:,(),(),,,(),,,;,,;,,,,,,:,,,(),,,(),,,(),(),,,(),,,,;,71©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,:,,,,;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,(),,,();,,,,8120041:,,1999,475477:,,1999,453454©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,?(),,,,,,,,,,,,,:!,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,91©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,;,,,,,,,:,,,(),,,,,,,:,;,;,;,,;,,,;,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,;(),,,,,,,,,,,0220041©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,(),;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,;,,;,,,,;,,,,,,;,,,;,,:,,,,12©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,:,,,,,:?,,,,,,,,,,?(),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,:,,(),,;,,;,,,;,,(),,;,;,,,,,,;,,,,,2220041©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,;,;,;,,,:,,,,;,,,,:,,,,,,,,:,,?(),,,:?:,,,,?:?:,,;,:,,?:,,;,,!(),,,,,,,,,?,;,,,,,;,(),,:;,!(),,,,,(),,(),,;,;,,,(),32:,,478©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,;,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,(,),,,,,,,,,,,,;,,;,(),,,,,,,,,,,,!(4220041©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,52©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,;,,,;,,;,;,6220041©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Tzu-kong)said:Noshouldbebrokenoffwithwhatfollowsinthethirdslip,whereas,inthefourth,thewordingafterThemount,beemendatedaccordingtoYanzi(Yan-Tzu),i.e.inhuobishihu,huo,beinterpretedasyou(tohave),andshi,asci(anancestraltemple),and,inthesixth,wuru,aswunai(cannothelpbut).TheonlypurposethatConfuciussuggestedtosacrificejadeandfabricsforthelandistoreassurethepublicandtorectifylawsanddevelopmorality.TheMasterwastotaketheadvantagetoofferhisexpostulation,nothingelseshouldbeinferred1KeyWordstheChu-PeriodBamboo-Slips;theDroughtoftheLuState;ConfuciusOntheldeasandThoughtsintheChu-PeriodBamboo-SlipsofTheDroughtoftheLuStateLiaoMingchunAbstractThefirstandsecondslipsofTheDroughtoftheLuStateareaboutthepoliticalreformstrategyofrectifyinglawsanddevelopingmoralityputforwardbyConfuciustoAigongoftheLuState(LuAikong).Thethirdtosixthslips,expressConfucius,realisticandrationalattitudetowardsghostsandgodsthroughhisargumentationwithZigong(Tzu-kong)onwhethersacrificesbeofferedinimpetratingrainfalls.ThisisinaccordancewithsomeoftherecordsinAnalectsandthesilk-scrolleditionofYao.ConfuciusoutlookofthemandateofHeavenis,therefore,tolaystressuponManinsteadofuponHeaven.KeyWordstheChu-PeriodBamboo-Slips;theDroughtontheLuState;Confucius;outlookontheMandateofHeavenAModernElucidationoftheThoughtsofConfucianMoralPoliticsandTheirValuesDongPingAbstractThebasicorientationofmoralpoliticsinancientChinaistobringaboutareasonablepoliticsinrealitythroughmoralimplementation.Moralityanditsapplicationareconsideredthepreliminarybasisofpolitics,whilepoliticsisauniversalrealizationoftherulersmorality.WecantracebacktheideaofmoralpoliticstotheperiodofWesternZhouDynasty.ItwaselucidatedintheBookofAncientHistory,andwassystematizedbytheSchoolofConfucianismtoacertainextent.Conceptually,moralpoliticsisbasedupontheideaofdivinityandabsolutenessofregality;practically,itisbasedonthesocietyofpatriarchalclansystemthatisorganizedbyfamiliesofblood-kinships.Asapoliticalscheme,itsimplementationinpracticeisguaranteedbythemulti-62120041©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(shih)ContainedintheEarlyContextofConfucianismZhangJunAbstractTime(shih)isoneofthekeycategoriesemployedtoconstructtheidealvaluesofpersonalityofbeingsagelywithinandkinglywithoutbyearlierConfucianism.InthediscoursesystemofthisearlierConfucianism,Time(shih),withtheopportunityofTime(shihyu),themandateofTime(shihming),etceteraa