语言学练习题--Chapter-2-Linguistics

ChapterTwoLinguistics1.Definethefollowingterms.1)syntagmaticrelationvsparadigmaticrelation2)languevsparole3)competencevsperformance4)descriptivelinguisticsvshistoricallinguistics5)theoreticallinguisticsvsappliedlinguistics6)deccriptivelinguisticsvsprescriptivelinguistics7)synchronicvsdiachroniclinguistics8)macrolinguisticsvsmicrolinguistics9)Comparativehistoricallinguisticsvscontrastivelinguistics2.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1)()Prescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguisticsbecauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.2)()Competencceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.3)()TheantithesisoflangueandparolewascreatedbyChomsky.4)()CockooinEnglishisonomatopoeia.5)()Synchroniclinguisticsisconcernedwiththestudyoflanguagedevelopmentthroughtime.6)()Prescriptivelinguistsareconcernedwithhowlanguageswork,notwithhowtheycanbeimproved.7)()Linguisticstriestoanswerthebasicquestions”whatisalanguage”and“Howdoesalanguagework”.8)()Onomatopoeticwordsarefoundinalmostallhumanlanguages,whichshowsthearbitrarynatureoflanguages.9)()Eachlanguagecontainstwosystemsratherthanone,asystemofsoundandasystemofmeaning.10)()Culturaltransmissionreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.11)()Phaticfunctionreferstolanguageusedtoexchangeinformationandideas.12)()Speakersofalllanguagesarecapableofproducingandcomprehendinganinfinitesetofsentences,whichaccountsforsyntacticuniversality.13)()Halliday’slinguisticpotentialissimilartothenotionsofparoleandperformance14)()Bydiachroniestudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.15)()Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.16)()Inlanguageclassroomsnowadavsthegrammartaughttostudentsisbasicallydescriptive,andmoreattentionispaidtothedevelopinglearners‘communicativeskills.17)()Saussure’sexpositionofsynchronicanalysisledtotheschoolofhistoricallinguistics18)()Appliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning.19)()Semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningofwordsandsentences.20)()Adiachronicstudyisconcernedwiththehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.21)()Aparadigmaticrelationisarelationbetweenalinguisticelementinanutteranceandlinguisticelementsoutsidethatutterance,butbelongingtothesamesub-systemofthelanguage.22)()Generallinguisticsaimsatdevelopingatheorythatdescribestherulesofaparticularlanguage.23)()Englishlinguisticsisakindofdescriptivelinguistics.24)()Competenceismoreconcretethanperformance.25)()Descriptivelinguisticsattemptstoestablishatheorywhichaccountsfortherulesoflanguageingeneral.26)()Langueismoreabstractthanparoleandthereforeisnotdirectlyobservable.27)()Generallinguisticsdealswiththewholehumanlanguage.28)()AlltheEnglishwordsarenotsymbolic.29)()Allsoundsproducedbyhumanspeechorgansarelinguisticsymbols.30)()Descriptivelinguisticsstudiesonespecificlanguage.31)()Morphologicalknowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionabouthowasentenceisformed.32)()Phoneticsisthesciencethatdealswiththesoundsystem.33)()Adiachronicstudyofalanguageisconcernedwithastateofalanguageataparticularpointoftime.3.MultipleChoice1)______madethedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.A.SaussureB.ChomskyCBloomfiledD.Sapir2)Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionofsomepracticalproblems,thestudyofsuchapplicationsisknownsas________.A.anthropologicallinguisticsB.computationallinguisticsC.appliedlinguisticsD.mathematicallinguistics3)_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofspeechcommunity.A.ParoleB.langueCspeechD.writing4)Whichofthefollowingisnotthemajorbrachoflinguistics?A.phonologyB.pragmaticsC.syntaxDspeech5)________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguisticgeographyB.SociolinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics6)Whichbranchoflinguisticsstudiesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamonglanguages?A.Diachroniclinguistics.B.Synchroniclinguistics.C.Prescriptivelinguistics.D.Comparativelinguistics.7）________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.JohnLyons8)Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled---.A.generallinguisticsB.sociolingyusticsC.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics9)Thestudyoflanguagemeaningiscalled--.A.syntaxB.semanticsCmorphologyD.pragmatics10)Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa–study.AsynchronicB.diachronicCdescriptiveD.prescriptive4.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewords:1)referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.2)istheactualrealizationofone’slinguisticknowledgeinutterances.3)Modemlinguisticisinthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.4)Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisastudy.5)Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.6)Linguisticpotentialissimilar